Pilot under F4D-1Skyray carrier airplane [USN]
Air launch of the second Pilot [USN]
Project Pilot was the first attempt to create a air launched satellite launch vehicle. The vehicle was better known by its nickname 'NOTSNIK', a combination of NOTS and Sputnik. The NOTS-EV1 was also the first all solid orbital vehicle. It was launched by a Douglas F-4D1 Skyray airplane. After separation from the aircraft, the first pair of HOTROC motors, derived from the SUBROC anti submarine missile, were ignited. Five seconds later, the second pair was ignited. After jettisoning the first stage, the X-241 and NOTS Extruded motors put the payload into a transfer orbit, which was circularised half a orbit later by the fourth stage, which was mounted backwards in front of the payload. As the vehicle was designed for maximum simplicity it featured no moving parts.
Four ground launched tests were made with only on pair of live HOTROCS. The first 2 failed due to exploding motors, the other two due to structural failure.
All launches apparently failed, most due to structural failures. Some rumours exist, that the payloads of the first and third orbital launch attempt reached orbit, but this remains very doubtful as an engineer involved in the project recalls, that there were some signals picked up by ground stations, but those were most probably not from the satellite.
After 10 launches the program was discontinued and an improved vehicle, called Caleb, was developed.
The project remained classified until 1994 and only then became known to the public.
→ complete list of all Pilot related launches.
| Version | Aircraft | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Stage 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pilot (NOTS-EV1H) | F-4D1 | 2 × 2 × HOTROC | X-241 | NOTS-100 | NOTS Spherical |
No TNo: Aircrft Type Date LS Payload
3 1 F4D1 Pilot 25.07.1958 F In Pilot 1 4 2 F4D1 Pilot 12.08.1958 F In Pilot 2 7 3 F4D1 Pilot 22.08.1958 F In Pilot 3 8 4 F4D1 Pilot 25.08.1958 F In Pilot 4 9 5 F4D1 Pilot 26.08.1958 F In Pilot 5 10 6 F4D1 Pilot 28.08.1958 F In Pilot 6 Pilot and the project Pilot payloads are sometimes dubbed "NOTSnik" Launch sites: In = Inyokern Airfield, Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, California, USA USA † Pilot air launches used F-4D1 Skyray Failures: Flight 1: vehicle exploded after 1 sec Flight 2: vehicle exploded before lift-off Flight 3: Radio contact lost, possibly reached orbit Flight 4: vehicle exploded at ignition Flight 5: structural failure after 3.2 sec Flight 6: structural failure after 3 sec Flight 7: Radio contact lost, possibly reached orbit Flight 8: vehicle exploded after 0.75 sec Flight 9: Stage 1 failed to ignite, vehicle crashed into the Pacific Flight 10: one stage 1 motor failed to ignite causing structural failure Some rumours exist, that the payloads of Flight 3 and 7 reached orbit, but this remains very doubtful as an engineer involved in the project recalls, that there were some signals picked up by ground stations, but those were most probably not from the satellite.