What tools and technologies are used to build the Stack Exchange Network?
See also: Which tools and technologies are used to build Data Explorer?
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1See also Does StackExchange 2.0 Share the Same CodeBase with SO?Arjan– Arjan2010年09月02日 23:48:19 +00:00Commented Sep 2, 2010 at 23:48
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1See also: What technologies were used to build the chat? (though this currently has no real answers.)Arjan– Arjan2011年01月15日 19:12:42 +00:00Commented Jan 15, 2011 at 19:12
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See also Stack Exchange’s Architecture in Bullet Points on the blog.Arjan– Arjan2011年03月04日 21:35:59 +00:00Commented Mar 4, 2011 at 21:35
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See also Stack Exchange: Planning for failure and other posts on Nick's blog.Arjan– Arjan2012年04月15日 20:47:54 +00:00Commented Apr 15, 2012 at 20:47
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1This is an implementation detail, you should only care about what's documented :Pnawfal– nawfal2014年07月22日 12:16:27 +00:00Commented Jul 22, 2014 at 12:16
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_Exchange#Technologies_usedPandya– Pandya2015年06月28日 07:25:56 +00:00Commented Jun 28, 2015 at 7:25
1 Answer 1
Core
Stack Overflow uses a WISC stack (削除) via BizSpark (削除ここまで) (we graduated!):
- Operating System Microsoft Windows Server 2019 x64
- Web Server IIS 10
- Database SQL Server 2019 running Microsoft Windows Server 2016 x64
- Language C#
Software Development Tools
- IDE Visual Studio 2019
- Framework Microsoft .NET 6.0
- Web Framework ASP.NET Core 6.0 with MiniProfiler
- View Engine Razor
- Browser Framework jQuery 1.12.4
- Data Access Layer Entity Framework Core 2.2 and Dapper
- Cache / Additional Data redis 4.0.7 via StackExchange.Redis, with serialization via protobuf-net
- Source Control Git using a GitHub Enterprise instance hosted by GitHub (previously self-hosted GitHub, Mercurial from 2010–2014, Subversion from 2008–2010)
- Compare Tool Beyond Compare 4
External Bits
Code used in Stack Overflow that is not included as part of the development tools:
- reCAPTCHA
- DotNetOpenAuth
- WMD - Now developed as open source in the project
(削除) PageDown (削除ここまで)Stacks Editor - Highlight.js (was Prettify)
- Google Analytics
- TeamCity
- HAProxy
- MarkdownSharp
- LESS (source)
- MathJax
- Elasticsearch (source)
Miscellaneous
- WordPress on Linux (Site Blogs) Jekyll (on linux?) (for blog.stackexchange.com)
- WebSocket (for real time updates; custom C# implementation)
- Bandwidth used by Stack Exchange sites
- jQuery Isotope plugin (for the grid-style site list) (Source)
Content
- License Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 for content contributed on or after 2018年05月02日 (UTC); Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 for content contributed between 2011年04月08日 and 2018年05月01日 (UTC); Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 for content contributed before 2011年04月08日 (UTC) (source)
- Standards OpenSearch, Atom
- Host two datacenters:
- New York: QTS (technically in Jersey City, NJ now). Formerly hosted at Internap and PEER 1.
- Denver: unknown (formerly hosted at FORTRUST)
Hardware
- 11 Dell R640 IIS web servers (9 shared for all production like SO, two for Meta and development):
- 2x Intel Xeon Processor Gold 6226 @ 2.7 GHz 12 Core with 24 threads
- 96 GB RAM
- Windows Server 2019
- Two drives
- 2 Toshiba 480GB SAS SSD (RAID 1)
- 2x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming
- Three Dell R720xd database servers (two in New York City, one in Denver, using SQL AlwaysOn Clustering) (Global "Sites" DB & Stack Overflow dedicated):
- 2x Intel Xeon Processor E5-2680 @ 2.7 GHz
- 384 GB RAM
- 21 drives
- Mirrored Pair for OS
- 2 Intel P3700 2TB PCIe NVMe RAID1 for databases
- 24 Intel 710 200GB SSD RAID10 for databases
- SQL Server 2014 SP1
- 2x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming
- Three Dell R730 database servers (two in New York City, one in Denver, using SQL AlwaysOn Clustering) (All other sites, Careers, Area 51, etc.):
- 2x Intel Xeon Processor X5680 @ 3.33 GHz
- 768 GB RAM
- 28 drives
- Mirrored Pair for OS
- 2 Intel P3700 2TB PCIe NVMe RAID0 for databases
- 24 1.2TB 10K RAID10 for large databases
- SQL Server 2014 SP1
- 2x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming
- Two Dell R640 HAProxy servers (direct):
- 2x Intel Xeon Gold 5218 @ 2.3 GHz
- 96 GB RAM
- CentOS 7
- 2x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming (internal)
- 2x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming (external)
- Two Dell R640 HAProxy servers (CloudFlare):
- 2x Intel Xeon Gold 5218 @ 2.3 GHz
- 96 GB RAM
- CentOS 7
- 2x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming (internal)
- 2x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming (external)
- 2 Dell R640 Redis servers:
- 2x Intel Xeon Gold 6244 @ 3.6 GHz
- 384 GB RAM
- CentOS 7
- 2x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming
- Three Dell R640 Service servers for tag engine/search:
- 2x Intel Xeon Gold 6244 @ 3.6 GHz
- 96 GB RAM
- One Dell R620 Backup server running NetBackup (most backups):
- 2x Intel Xeon Processor E52620 @ 2.0 GHz
- 16 GB RAM
- 14 drives
- Mirrored Pair for OS
- 12 4TB 10K RPM RAID10 for backups (DAS)
- 2x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming
- One Dell R730xd SMB3 Backup server (SQL backups):
- 2x Intel Xeon Processor E5-2623v3 @ 3.0 GHz
- 16 GB RAM
- 30 drives
- Mirrored Pair for OS
- 16 6TB 7.2K RPM RAID10 for backups (Internal)
- 12 4TB 10K RPM RAID10 for backups (DAS)
- 2x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming
- Six Dell R640 VMWare ESX servers:
- 2x Intel Xeon Gold 6240 @ 2.60 GHz
- 1.5 TB RAM
- 16x 10 Gbit/s NIC teaming (8x 10 Gbit/s per FX2s)
- 2 Cisco ASR1001-X routers
- 2 ASR1001 Routers
- 2 Fortinet 1100E Firewalls
- 2 Cisco Nexus 5596 Cores in an active/active redundant configuration
Sources:
- Stack Overflow's New York Data Center (Server Fault Blog)
- Designing for Scalability of Management and Fault Tolerance (Server Fault Blog)
- What Was Stack Overflow Built With?
- Stack Overflow Server Glamour Shots
- Technology and SEO profile for stackoverflow.com
- Stack Overflow and DVCS
- Stack Overflow Network Configuration
- https://stackexchange.com/performance
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42Hmmm, the list seems incomplete. I don't see Unicornify in there...Lunatik– Lunatik2010年05月06日 07:10:39 +00:00Commented May 6, 2010 at 7:10
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7I love how people are so into bc3 that they it is listed as part of the stackuser145917– user1459172010年09月20日 12:35:39 +00:00Commented Sep 20, 2010 at 12:35
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5Can I ask how on earth the SO team managed to update the site to user Razor so quickly? Did they actually port older aspx views into razor or are legacy pages running with razor side-by-side?gideon– gideon2011年04月02日 09:50:40 +00:00Commented Apr 2, 2011 at 9:50
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42How StackOverflow Earns Revenue?Purushoth– Purushoth2013年08月19日 13:00:14 +00:00Commented Aug 19, 2013 at 13:00
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1Probably should include this one as well meta.stackexchange.com/questions/216324/…Templar– Templar2014年07月03日 18:00:02 +00:00Commented Jul 3, 2014 at 18:00
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I see VMWare in there somewhere, but could you please elaborate which systems are Bare Metal and which are running under virtualization, perhaps Hyper-V?Jason Caldwell– Jason Caldwell2014年07月23日 00:11:31 +00:00Commented Jul 23, 2014 at 0:11
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1What IoC Container is used by StackOverflow?Billa– Billa2014年07月28日 15:34:26 +00:00Commented Jul 28, 2014 at 15:34
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12I have to say I was surprised to see this level of technical detail made public. I'm not sure how common this is, but my gut tells me that security pedants wouldn't be overjoyed by it. That is, purely theoretically, a malicious party might be able to narrow the space of attack options based on the level of details here. Just my two cents.sammy34– sammy342015年05月30日 14:48:59 +00:00Commented May 30, 2015 at 14:48
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1Is api.stackexchange.com included here?Some Helpful Commenter– Some Helpful Commenter2016年02月04日 22:00:12 +00:00Commented Feb 4, 2016 at 22:00
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1"Microsoft Windows Server 2017 x64" - What? Did MS release a special version of Windows Server between 2016 and 2019 exclusively for Stack's use?jmbpiano– jmbpiano2019年04月18日 15:36:03 +00:00Commented Apr 18, 2019 at 15:36
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3This answer needs two updates: 1. We're switching to CommonMark, but they still use MarkdownSharp and PageDown to some extent for special features; don’t know how much into detail this post should go. 2. An Update On Creative Commons Licensing; they don’t use CC BY-SA 4.0 for all the content. They use 2.5, 3.0, and 4.0.Sebastian Simon– Sebastian Simon2020年06月25日 02:02:21 +00:00Commented Jun 25, 2020 at 2:02
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2The answer is quite old it seems. Has it been updated?Manu Chadha– Manu Chadha2020年10月06日 05:39:34 +00:00Commented Oct 6, 2020 at 5:39
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2What is used on the front-end? Only jQuery? Also, why such an old version of jQuery?IvanD– IvanD2020年12月28日 00:16:04 +00:00Commented Dec 28, 2020 at 0:16
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1@sammy34 probably you should stop storing your credit card info in your stackexchange profile, then.Him– Him2022年12月06日 20:08:05 +00:00Commented Dec 6, 2022 at 20:08