This table goes into far more detail than the Beginners checklist for PIC Microcontrollers .
The Microchip 8-bit Flash Microcontrollers Product Comparison Utility and the 16-bit PIC(R) Microcontrollers & dsPIC(R) Digital Signal Controllers index are more up-to-date than this table.
See also: PICSpecs.xls from Alina Mothusi [Alinamothusi at AOL.COM]
Note: you want to start with a PICxxFxxx part which can be erased and re-programmed many times. Don't select a PICxxCxxx as it is OTP, One Time Programmable, after which, its a lapel pin.
8 CERDIP(JW)
8 PDIP(P) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
2.5V
8 CERDIP(JW)
8 PDIP(P)
8 SOIC 150mil(SN) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
2.5V
8 CERDIP(JW)
8 PDIP(P) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
2.5V
8 CERDIP(JW)
8 PDIP(P)
8 SOIC 150mil(SN) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
2.5V
8 PDIP(P)
8 SOIC 150mil(SN) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
2.5V
8 CERDIP(JW)
8 PDIP(P) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
16 bytes EE data
8 CERDIP(JW)
8 PDIP(P) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
16 bytes EE data
8 CERDIP(JW)
8 PDIP(P) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
2.5V
8 CERDIP(JW)
8 PDIP(P) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
2.5V
8 PDIP(P) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
2.5V
16 bytes EE data
8 PDIP(P) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
2.5V
16 bytes EE data
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 SSOP(SS)
28 SPDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
temperature sensor
bandgap voltage reference
A/D is sigma-delta slope cvtr
4-bit programmable current src
low voltage detector
voltage regulator control output
14 CERDIP(JW)
14 SOIC 150mil(SL)
14 PDIP(P) 25mA source/sink per I/O
internal oscillator
2.5V
18 PDIP(P) 10mA source/sink per I/O
2.5V
18 CERDIP(JW)
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.5V
18 CERDIP(JW)
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.0V
18 CERDIP(JW)
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 PDIP(P)
28 SPDIP(SP) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.5V
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 PDIP(P)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.5V
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
18 CERDIP(JW)
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.5V
18 CERDIP(JW)
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 PDIP(P)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.5V
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 PDIP(P)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.5V
18 CERDIP(JW)
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.0V
18 CERDIP(JW)
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.0V
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.5V
68 PLCC(L) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 15mA source 15mA sink per I/O
3.0V
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
28 PDIP(P)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.5V
28 PDIP(P)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.0V
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
2.0V
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) Internal voltage regulator, operating range from 3.5V to 15V. 4 regulated (3 or 5V) I/Os and 8 high voltage outputs. 4 deep stack. Wake-up on pin change.
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
2.5V
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
2.5V
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW) 25mA source/sink per I/O
SPI 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
SPI 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 SPDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
SPI 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 CERDIP(JW)
40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 MQFP(PQ)
44 PLCC(L) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Parallel slave port
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 CERDIP(JW)
40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 MQFP(PQ)
44 PLCC(L) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Parallel slave port
2 Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 CERDIP(JW)
40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 MQFP(PQ)
44 PLCC(L) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 SPDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 CERDIP(JW)
40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 MQFP(PQ)
44 PLCC(L) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
Parallel slave port
SPI 1 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SSOP(SS)
28 SPDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SSOP(SS)
28 SPDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 MQFP(PQ)
44 PLCC(L) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
Parallel slave port
28 CERDIP(JW)
28 SPDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
44 TQFP(PT)
44 MQFP(PQ)
44 PLCC(L)
40 CERDIP(JW) 25mA source/sink per I/O
programmable Vref
Parallel slave port
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
programmable Vref
2.5V
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
programmable Vref
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
programmable Vref
2.5V
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
programmable Vref
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
programmable Vref
2.5V
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
programmable Vref
(***new device***) 1024 224 20 15 USART
SCI 1 Yes 2 3+WDT Yes 18 SOIC 300mil(SO)
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) Low voltage programming
Low speed clock mode
enhanced CCP
(***new device***) 2048 224 20 15 USART
SCI 1 Yes 2 3+WDT Yes 18 SOIC 300mil(SO)
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) Low voltage programming
Low speed clock mode
enhanced CCP
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
programmable Vref
2.5V
128 bytes of EEPROM data
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
programmable Vref
2.5V
128 bytes of EEPROM data
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
programmable Vref
2.5V
128 bytes of EEPROM data
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW) 25mA source/sink per I/O
SPI 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SSOP(SS)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 CERDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
SPI 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SSOP(SS)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 CERDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 CERDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SSOP(SS)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 CERDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 CERDIP(JW)
40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 MQFP(PQ)
44 PLCC(L) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
Parallel slave port
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 CERDIP(JW)
40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 MQFP(PQ)
44 PLCC(L) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 CERDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 CERDIP(JW)
40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 MQFP(PQ)
44 PLCC(L) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
Parallel slave port
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
SPI 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 CERDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
PTL16
(***new device***) 4096 192 16 33 8 8-bit USART
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 44 TQFP(PT) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
Parallel slave port
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
(***new device***) 1024 128 20 13 4 8-bit 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 18 SOIC 300mil(SO)
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
18 PDIP(P)
18 CERDIP(JW)
20 SSOP(SS) 25mA source/sink per I/O
(***new device***) 2048 128 20 13 4 8-bit 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes ? 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
(***new device***) 2048 256 20 16 10 8-bit I2C
SPI 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 18 SOIC 300mil(SO)
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) Programmable BOR
Programmable LVD
on-chip bandgap voltage ref
master mode I2C
half-bridge & full bridge PWM
with deadband control
dual speed INTRC (4M/37KHz)
program memory read
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
(**future product**) 8192 256 24 19 5 8-bit USB
USART
SCI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 PDIP(P) USB
on-chip transceiver
5 channels of A/D
on-chip bandgap voltage ref
oscillator mode
(**future product**) 8192 256 24 30 8 8-bit USB
USART
SCI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 PDIP(P) USB
on-chip transceiver
8 channels of A/D
on-chip bandgap voltage ref
oscillator mode
(***new device***) 2048 256 20 16 12 8-bit I2C
SPI 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 20 SOIC 300mil(SO)
20 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) Programmable BOR
Programmable LVD
on-chip bandgap voltage ref
master mode I2C
half-bridge & full bridge PWM
with deadband control
dual speed INTRC (4M/37KHz)
program memory read
(***new device***) 4096 256 20 16 12 8-bit I2C
SPI 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 20 SOIC 300mil(SO)
20 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) Programmable BOR
Programmable LVD
on-chip bandgap voltage ref
master mode I2C
half-bridge & full bridge PWM
with deadband control
dual speed INTRC (4M/37KHz)
program memory read
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SSOP(SS)
28 SPDIP(SP)
28 CERDIP(SP) 25mA source/sink per I/O
2 Capture/compare/PWM
programmable low voltage det
absolute bandgap voltage ref
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 CERDIP(JW)
40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 MQFP(PQ)
44 PLCC(L) 25mA source/sink per I/O
2 Capture/compare/PWM
programmable low voltage det
absolute voltage and elect gen
parallel slave port
(**future product**) 2048 128 20 3 8 10-bit 1 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SSOP(SS)
28 SPDIP(SP) Data EEPROM is 64
MPLAB-ICD
MSSP 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SPDIP(SP) Pinout compatible to 16C73/76
128 data EEPROM
flash program memory
MSSP 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 PLCC(L) Pinout compatible to 16C74/77
128 data EEPROM
flash program memory
MSSP 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 SPDIP(SP) Pinout compatible to 16C73/76
256 data EEPROM
flash program memory
MSSP 2 Yes 3+WDT Yes 40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 PLCC(L)
44 MQFP(PQ) Pinout compatible to 16C74/77
256 data EEPROM
flash program memory
in-circuit debugging
18 PDIP(P) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
64 bytes EEPROM
2.0V
18 PDIP(P) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
64 bytes EEPROM
2.0V
18 PDIP(P) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
64 bytes EEPROM
2.0V
18 PDIP(P) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
64 bytes EEPROM
2.0V
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
18 PDIP(P)
20 SSOP(SS) 20mA source 25mA sink per I/O
64 bytes EEPROM
2.0V
SPI 1 3+WDT 64 TQFP(PT) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
LCD module
static
1/2, 1/3, 1/4 multiplex
SPI 1 3+WDT Yes 64 TQFP(PT)
68 PLCC(L)
68 CERQUAD(CL) 25mA source/sink per I/O
Capture/compare/PWM
LCD module
static
1/2, 1/3, 1/4 multiplex
44 TQFP(PT)
44 PLCC(L)
44 MQFP(PQ)
40 CERDIP(JW) 25mA source 35mA sink per I/O
2 I/O w/60mA sink
2 capture
externally expandable
1 cycle 8x8 multiply
44 TQFP(PT)
44 PLCC(L)
44 MQFP(PQ)
40 CERDIP(JW) 25mA source 35mA sink per I/O
2 I/O w/60mA sink
2 capture
externally expandable
1 cycle 8x8 multiply
44 TQFP(PT)
44 PLCC(L)
44 MQFP(PQ)
40 CERDIP(JW) 25mA source 35mA sink per I/O
2 I/O w/60mA sink
2 capture
externally expandable
1 cycle 8x8 multiply
44 TQFP(PT)
44 PLCC(L)
44 MQFP(PQ)
40 CERDIP(JW) 25mA source 35mA sink per I/O
2 I/O w/60mA sink
2 capture
externally expandable
1 cycle 8x8 multiply
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
44 TQFP(PT)
44 PLCC(L)
44 MQFP(PQ) 25mA source 35mA sink per I/O
2 I/O w/60mA sink
2 capture
externally expandable
1 cycle 8x8 multiply
44 TQFP(PT)
44 PLCC(L)
44 MQFP(PQ) 25mA source 35mA sink per I/O
2 I/O w/60mA sink
2 capture
externally expandable
1 cycle 8x8 multiply
I2C
SPI 3 Yes 4+WDT 64 TQFP(PT)
68 PLCC(L) 25mA source 35mA sink per I/O
2 I/O w/60mA sink
4 capture
externally expandable
1 cycle 8x8 multiply
16 level hardware stack
PTL16
(**future product**) 8192 678 16 50 10 8-bit USART
I2C
SPI 3 Yes 4+WDT Yes 64 TQFP(PT) 4 input captures
master mode I2C
1 cycle 8x8 multiply
16MHz @ 3V operation
I2C
SPI 3 Yes 4+WDT 64 TQFP(PT)
68 PLCC(L)
68 CERQUAD(CL) 20mA source 35mA sink per I/O
2 I/O w/60mA sink
4 capture
externally expandable
1 cycle 8x8 multiply
16 level hardware stack
(**future product**) 16384 902 33 50 12 10-bit 2USART
2I2C
2SPI 3 Yes 4+WDT Yes 64 TQFP(PT)
68 PLCC(L)
68 CERQUAD(CL) 16 level hardware stack
PTL16
(**future product**) 16384 902 16 50 10 8-bit USART
I2C
SPI 3 Yes 4+WDT Yes 64 TQFP(PT) 4 capture
master mode I2C
1 cycle 8x8 multiply
I2C
SPI 3 Yes 4+WDT Yes 80 TQFP(PT)
84 PLCC(L) up to 66 I/O pins w/ direction ctrl
16 level hardware stack
I2C
SPI 3 Yes 4+WDT Yes 80 TQFP(PT)
84 PLCC(L)
84 CERQUAD(CL) up to 66 I/O pins w/ direction ctrl
16 level hardware stack
Microcontroller
Prog (words)
RAM (bytes)
Speed MHz
I/O Ports
ADC
Serial I/O
PWM
Brown Out
Comp-arators
Timers
ICSP
Packages
Other
(**future product**) 8192 512 40 23 10 10-bit USART
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 4+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 PDIP(SP)
28 CERDIP(SP) programmable brown-out
programmable low v detect
phase locked loop (PLL)
master mode I2C
(**future product**) 16384 1536 40 23 10 10-bit USART
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 4+WDT Yes 28 SOIC 300mil(SO)
28 PDIP(SP)
28 CERDIP(SP) programmable brown-out
programmable low v detect
phase locked loop (PLL)
master mode I2C
(**future product**) 8192 512 40 34 10 10-bit USART
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 4+WDT Yes 40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 PLCC(L)
40 CERDIP(JW) programmable brown-out
programmable low v detect
phase locked loop (PLL)
master mode I2C
(**future product**) 16384 1536 40 34 10 10-bit USART
I2C
SPI 2 Yes 4+WDT Yes 40 PDIP(P)
44 TQFP(PT)
44 PLCC(L)
40 CERDIP(JW) programmable brown-out
programmable low v detect
phase locked loop (PLL)
master mode I2C
See also:
See:
Questions:
Several of Microchip's "dsPIC30Fx" series of microcontrollers have a 12 bit/S ADC with at least 6 channels. (For example, the dsPIC30F2011 and the dsPIC30F4013). You might also consider using an external ADC such as Microchip's MCP3208 (8 channel, 12 bit/S, serial ADC). -- David
Since my last reply, Microchip has come out with several more microcontrollers with a 12 bit/S ADC, such as the PIC18F2553 (10 analog channels). In the future, you can get a much more accurate and complete answer by going to the Microchip Advanced Part Selector and selecting exactly what you want -- in this case, I picked "at least 12" A/D bits and "at least 6" A/D channels, and today it found 97 Microchip microcontrollers. (It will probably show even more by the time you try it out). -- David
Comments:
Interested:
.