Dear Bob Nielsen, Apparently you overlooked the qualification that I clearly stated - namely, that the "magnitude" of the of the impedance seen .... Your example is nice, but I clearly indicated that I was talking about magnitudes of impedances, not the complex impedances. If you want programs that clearly illustrate the full complex values of impedances for ANY termination impedance and ANY transmission line, please see my QSL web site below. The programs are all free. Bob Lay (W9DMK), Dahlgren, VA w9dmk at crosslink.net Home Pages: http://www.qsl.net/w9dmk http://zaffora.f2o.org/W9DMK/W9dmk.html http://meltingpot.fortunecity.com/albania/784