this increases code size slightly, but it's considerably faster, especially for power-of-2 bases.
whenever the base was small enough that more than one digit could still fit after UINTMAX_MAX/36-1 was reached, only the first would be allowed; subsequent digits would trigger spurious overflow, making it impossible to read the largest values in low bases.
1. my interpretation of subject sequence definition was wrong. adjust parser to conform to the standard. 2. some code for handling tail overflow case was missing (forgot to finish writing it). 3. typo (= instead of ==) caused ERANGE to wrongly behave like EINVAL
this fixes a number of bugs in integer parsing due to lazy haphazard wrapping, as well as some misinterpretations of the standard. the new parser is able to work character-at-a-time or on whole strings, making it easy to support the wide functions without unbounded space for conversion. it will also be possible to update scanf to use the new parser.