BRL Report 1964

BRL 1964, IBM 1401, starting page 0144

 
 IBM 1401
 Data Processing System
 MANUFACTURER
 International Business Machine Corporation
 
 Photo by IBM
 APPLICATIONS
 General purpose computing and data processing.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary coded decimal
 Decimal digits/word Variable length
 Decimal digits/instruction One to eight
 Instructions/word Variable length
 Arithmetic system Fixed point
 Instruction type One or two address
 Instruction word format
 +----+-------------+-----------+------------+
 | OP | A/I Address | B Address | d Modifier |
 +----+-------------+-----------+------------+
 | X | XXX | XXX | X |
 +----+-------------+-----------+------------+
 +----+-------------+-----------+
 | OP | (A/I) | B |
 +----+-------------+-----------+
 | X | XXX | XXX |
 +----+-------------+-----------+
 +----+-------------+-----+
 | OP | (A/I) | d |
 +----+-------------+-----+
 | X | XXX | X |
 +----+-------------+-----+
 +----+-------------+
 | OP | (A/I) |
 +----+-------------+
 | X | XXX |
 +----+-------------+
 +----+----+
 | OP | d |
 +----+----+
 | X | X |
 +----+----+
 +----+
 | OP |
 +----+
 | X |
 +----+
 OP 1 character operation
 A/I 3 character storage address where A is location 
 of a data word or I is address of next instruction
 B 3 character storage address of a data word
 d 1 character modifier
 Automatic coding includes a symbolic programming system.
 Registers
 I Address Register
 A Address Register
 B Address Register

 A Register
 B Register
 A Index Register
 B Index Register
 AB Index Register
 A and B Address Registers allow chaining of instructions,
 i.e., performing a series of operations on several
 fields that are in sequence in storage. Less time is 
 required to perform the operations and space is saved
 in storing instructions.
 Indexing is part of optional advanced programming 
 feature which also includes abilities to move full
 records and to store A and B Address Registers for
 easy program modification.
 ARITHMETIC UNIT
 Incl. Stor. Access
 Microsec
 Add 300 (8 + 8 digits)
 Mult 1,960 (6 x 4 digits)
 Div 3,002 (10/4 digits)
 Multiply-Divide times are for the Multiply-Divide feature installed.
 1401 is an "Add-to-Storage" system. No additional
 instructions or time is required to store results.
 Arithmetic mode Serial (by character)
 Timing Synchronous Asynchronous
 (Depending on function)
 Operation Sequential Concurrent
 (Depending on function)
 Timing - Operations
 Card input/output can often be overlapped with processing.
 Print output can be partially overlapped with processing; 
 or can be completely overlapped with print storage installed.
 Magnetic tape input/output can be partially overlapped. 
 Internal processing is serial.
 STORAGE
 No. of Access
 Medium Alphanum/Char Microsec
 Magnetic Core 1,400; 2,000; 4,000; 11.5
 8,000; 12,000; 16,000
 Magnetic Disk 10,000,000 500,000 (Avg)
 (Type 1405) Model I
 Magnetic Disk 20,000,000 500,000 (Avg)
 (Type 1405) Model II
 50,000 two hundred character records on 25 disks
 (Model I).
 100,000 two hundred character records on 50 disks (Model II).
 One access arm standard; another available as special feature.
 Magnetic Disk Storage Drive
 (Type 1311) Model 4 - first drive on system.
 (Type 1311) Model 2 - additional up to 4) drives on system.
 "Comb" access consists of five arms, each with 
 two read-write heads. Removable disk packs provide
 unlimited storage. Each disk pack composed of six 
 disks providing ten recording surfaces. Each surface is
 made up of 100 concentric tracks; each track is divided 
 into 20 sectors; each sector holds 100 characters.
 Disk pack capacity is 2,000,000 characters and with track
 - record special feature approximately
 3,000,000; total on-line capacity 10 to 15 million characters. 
 Average access 250,000 microseconds; with
 direct seek special feature, average access time is 150,000 microseconds.
 Magnetic Tape
 (See chart below)

 
 INPUT
 Medium Speed 
 Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 800 cards/min
 Optional 51-column interchangeable Read Feed and Punch 
 Feed Read special features. 
 Magnetic Tape
 Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340.
 Paper Tape (IBM 1011 Paper Tape 500 chars/sec
 Reader).
 Control panels decode 5,6,7, or 8-track tape data
 and convert it to BCD characters.
 Optical Character Reader 300 - 420 doc min
 (IBM 1418 & 1428)
 Numeric or alphabetic data (according to machine type)
 read from cards or documents. Characters,
 including certain special characters, which may be read 
 are 0.093 in. high, printed by an IBM 407, an IBM
 Elec. Typewriter, or an IBM 1403 Printer, Model 1 or 2. 
 Paper or card dimensions vary according to
 equipment model; horizontal width 3 to 8-3/4 in. and 
 vertical dimension of 2-1/3 to 4-732 in. Mark
 reading ability.
 Console Inquiry Station (IBM 1407)
 A modified IBM Elec. Typewriter can be used to obtain 
 or enter data on a limited basis; primarily used
 with disk storage. IBM Console, Model 3, used to enter
 or obtain (print) data, can also be attached to
 terminal equipment, thereby providing buffered, remote 
 communication ability.
 OUTPUT
 Medium Speed 
 Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 250 cards/min 
 Magnetic Tape
 Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340.
 Tape Punch (IBM 1012) 150 chars/sec
 Punches into paper or Mylar tape 5, 6, 7, 8-track.
 Printer (IBM 1403 Models 1 & 2) 600 lines/min
 Numerical Print Feature, option on the 1403, allows 
 1,385 lines/min printing of purely numerical data. 
 IBM 1404 Printer, used in lieu of 1403, has all 
 continuous form printing functions of 1403, plus a 
 dual channel cut-card feeding mechanism.
 CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
 Type Quantity
 Diodes 6,213 - 14,171 (Min. and max. systems)
 Transistors 4,315 - 9,805 (Min. and max. systems)
 Magnetic Cores
 Type 17 17,540 Minimum system
 Type 24 200
 Type 17 129,540 Maximum system
 Type 24 600
 Type 18 1,120
 CHECKING FEATURES
 Parity and validity checks are made. Programming
 checks, balances and controls may be made. 
 1402 Checking
 Automatic hole count check between read stations.
 Automatic Hollerith Validity check before storage entry.
 Automatic hole count check between punch station 
 and punch check station. 
 1402 Translation
 Automatic card to internal BCD input translation.
 Automatic internal BCD to card output translation. 
 1403 Checking
 Automatic parity check of character to be printed.
 Automatic validity check of character tobe printed.
 Hammer action to be performed.
 Hammer action performed. 
 Magnetic Tape Checking
 Vertical parity check by character.
 Horizontal check by record.
 Two-gap head verifies validity at the time data is written.
 Dual-level sensing provides additional checking of 
 tape read and write operations and error-free
 operation on valid data. 
 IBM Phase Encoding
 Provides highly reliable method of bit encoding on 
 Hypertape so all single-bit and most double-bit errors
 can be corrected.
 POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
 Power, computer 2.88 Kw 3.2 KVA min. = Model A
 (Max.) 12.15 Kw 13.5 KVA 0.80 to 0.90 pf
 max. = Model C + 6 - 729s
 Power, air conditioner approx 3 Kw (Min.)
 approx 11 Kw (max.)
 The KVA and power factor varies. 
 Minimum system requires 1 Ton,
 maximum system requires 3 1/2 Tons.
 Minimum Maximum 
 Volume, computer 117.2 cu ft 403.8 cu ft
 Area, computer 33.8 sq ft 80.8 sq ft
 Room size 239.0 sq ft 463.0 sq ft
 Floor loading 50.0 lbs/sq 500.0 lbs concen
 ft max.
 Volume, air conditioner
 1 Ton Unit 6.0 cu ft
 5 Ton Unit 84 cu ft
 Area, computer - 1 ton 3 sq ft
 Area, computer - 5 ton 12 sq ft
 Capacity, air conditioner Depends on manufacturer.
 3 1/2 tons are required for maximum size system, a
 5 ton unit would be nearest size available.
 Weight, computer 3,063 lbs (min) 11,530 lbs (max)
 Normal air conditioning will usually be adequate, 
 providing the capacity is available to handle the
 added B.T.U. of heat generated by the system.
 Relatively few restrictions are placed on the 
 arrangement of the 1401 System units. 
 Electrical requirements - 208 or 230 volts 
 (+ 10%), 3-phase (4-wire), 60 cycle (+ 1/2 cycle).
 Environmental requirements
 Power On (system operating) temperature 60o - 90oF. 
 relative humidity 20 - 80%, air filtration - 20%
 minimum by National Bureau of Standards discloration
 test for mechanical-type filter.
 Power Off (extended non-operational period) 
 temperature 50o - 110o F., 
 relative humidity 0 - 80%.
 These environmental requirements are less stringent 
 than those that apply to storage areas for IBM cards
 and magnetic tape.
 It is recommended that instruments capable of recording 
 temperature and humidity be provided.
 The 1401 System does not require a raised floor. 
 Also, the use of a raised floor reduces the possibility of
 damage to cables and improves the appearance of the 
 installation, as well as promoting good safety practices.
 PRODUCTION RECORD
 Several thousand in operation.

 
 IBM 1440
 Data Processing System
 MANUFACTURER
 International Business Machines Corporation.
 
 Photo by IBM
 APPLICATIONS
 General purpose computer for small and medium sized businesses.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary coded decimal
 Decimal digits/word Variable
 Decimal digits/instruction Variable (1 to 8)
 Instructions/word Variable
 Arithmetic system Fixed point
 Instruction type Variable
 Up to two addresses with modifier and indexing. 
 Instruction word format
 +-----+----------+----------+----+----+
 | B | I I I | B B B | d | 0 |
 +-----+----------+----------+----+----+
 | Iop | I1 I2 I3 | I4 I5 I6 | I7 | I8 |
 +-----+----------+----------+----+----+
 or as OP AAA BBB d_ 
 Automatic built-in subroutines 
 Add/Subtract Arithmetic 
 Move and Load Data Fields 
 Hi-Lo-Eq. Compare 
 Expanded Edit 
 Indexing 
 Bit Test 
 H Multiply Divide 
 Registers and B-Boxes 
 Op Register 
 B-Data Register 
 A-Data Register 
 3-position Address reg: A, B, I and Main 
 A-Aux, Register and B-Aux,Register (with M/D)
 ARITHMETIC UNIT
 Add T = 11.1 (LI + 1 + La + Lb) microseconds 
 Mult T = 11.1 (LI + 3 + 2 LC + 5 LCLM + 7 LM) 
 Div T = 11.1 (LI + 2 + 7 LRLQ + 8 LQ)
 LI = Length of Instruction
 LC = Length of Multiplicand Field
 LM = Length of Multiplier Field
 LR = Length of Divisor
 LQ = Length of Quotient Field
 L a =Length of A-Field
 Lb = Length of B-Field
 Arithmetic mode Serial
 The arithmetic unit is parallel-by-bit and serialby-character.
 The computer is of the add-to-storage variety.
 Timing Synchronous and Asynchronous
 Operation Sequential
 The system functions on a parallel-by-bit, 
 serial-by-character principle.
 I/0 operations are asynchronous when the device
 does not have the associated buffer feature. All
 internal operations are synchronous, being governed 
 by a crystal-controlled oscillator.
 Unbuffered I/0 devices control the clock on a demand 
 basis when they are being serviced by the processor.
 STORAGE
 No. of No. of Access
 Medium Words Characters Microsec
 Magnetic Cores Variable 4,000 - 16,000 11.5
 Available in 4,000 increments
 Disk Stor. Units Variable 250,000
 2 IBM 1311's 4,000,000 (average)
 5 IBM 1311's 10,000,000
 With "Move Track Record" feature the number, 
 of digits is increased to 2,980,000 per unit.
 With "Direct Seek" feature the average access
 time is decreased to 185,000 microseconds. 
 

 
 IBM 1460
 Data Processing System
 MANUFACTURER
 International Business Machine Corporation
 
 Photo by IBM
 APPLICATIONS
 General purpose computer that functions like the 
 widely-used IBM 1401, yet processes information
 internally almost twice as fast. The IBM 1460 
 features an 1,100 1/m printer. The IBM 1460 gives 
 IBM 1401 users who require increased processing 
 capabilities a logical advance to a larger computer. 
 When used as auxiliary equipment for IBM 7000 series 
 computers, the IBM 1460 will accelerate processing operations
 in many industries which require faster printed 
 and magnetic tape output.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary coded decimal
 Decimal digits/word Variable length
 Decimal digits/instruction one to eight
 Instructions/word Variable length
 Arithmetic system Fixed point
 Instruction type One or two address
 Instruction word format
 
 +----+-------------+-----------+------------+
 | OP | A/I Address | B Address | d Modifier |
 +----+-------------+-----------+------------+
 | X | XXX | XXX | X |
 +----+-------------+-----------+------------+
 +----+-------------+-----------+
 | OP | (A/I) | B |
 +----+-------------+-----------+
 | X | XXX | XXX |
 +----+-------------+-----------+
 +----+-------------+-----+
 | OP | (A/I) | d |
 +----+-------------+-----+
 | X | XXX | X |
 +----+-------------+-----+
 +----+-------------+
 | OP | (A/I) |
 +----+-------------+
 | X | XXX |
 +----+-------------+
 +----+----+
 | OP | d |
 +----+----+
 | X | X |
 +----+----+
 +----+
 | OP |
 +----+
 | X |
 +----+
 OP 1 character operation
 A/I 3 character storage address where A is location 
 of a data word or I is address of next instruction
 B 3 character storage address of a data word
 d 1 character modifier
 Automatic coding includes a symbolic programming system.

 
 Registers
 I Address Register
 A Address Register
 B Address Register
 A Register
 B Register
 A Index Register
 B Index Register
 AB Index Register
 A and B Address Registers allow chaining of instructions,
 i.e., performing a series of operations on several
 fields that are in sequence in storage. Less time is 
 required to perform the operations and space is saved
 in storing instructions.
 Indexing is part of optional advanced programming 
 feature which also includes abilities to move full
 records and to store A and B Address Registers for
 easy program modification.
 ARITHMETIC UNIT
 Incl. Stor. Access
 Microsec
 Add 300 (8 + 8 digits)
 Mult 1,960 (6 x 4 digits)
 Div 3,002 (10/4 digits)
 Multiply-Divide times are for the Multiply-Divide feature installed.
 1401 is an "Add-to-Storage" system. No additional
 instructions or time is required to store results.
 Arithmetic mode Serial (by character)
 Timing Synchronous Asynchronous
 (Depending on function)
 Operation Sequential Concurrent
 (Depending on function)
 Timing - Operations
 Card input/output can often be overlapped with processing.
 Print output can be partially overlapped with processing; 
 or can be completely overlapped with print storage installed.
 Magnetic tape input/output can be partially overlapped. 
 Internal processing is serial.
 STORAGE
 No. of Access
 Medium Alphanum/Char Microsec
 Magnetic Core 8,000; 12,000; 16,000 6
 Magnetic Disk 10,000,000 500,000 (Avg)
 (Type 1405) Model I
 Magnetic Disk 20,000,000 500,000 (Avg)
 (Type 1405) Model II
 50,000 two hundred character records on 25 disks
 (Model I).
 100,000 two hundred character records on 50 disks (Model II).
 One access arm standard; another available as special feature.
 Magnetic Disk Storage Drive
 (Type 1311) Model 4 - first drive on system.
 (Type 1311) Model 2 - additional up to 4) drives on system.
 "Comb" access consists of five arms, each with 
 two read-write heads. Removable disk packs provide
 unlimited storage. Each disk pack composed of six 
 disks providing ten recording surfaces. Each surface is
 made up of 100 concentric tracks; each track is divided 
 into 20 sectors; each sector holds 100 characters.
 Disk pack capacity is 2,000,000 characters and with track
 - record special feature approximately
 3,000,000; total on-line capacity 10 to 15 million characters. 
 Average access 250,000 microseconds; with
 direct seek special feature, average access time is 150,000 microseconds.
 Magnetic Tape
 (See chart below)

 
 INPUT
 Medium Speed 
 Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 800 cards/min
 Optional 51-column interchangeable Read Feed and Punch 
 Feed Read special features. 
 Magnetic Tape
 Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340.
 Paper Tape (IBM 1011 Paper Tape 500 chars/sec
 Reader).
 Control panels decode 5,6,7, or 8-track tape data
 and convert it to BCD characters.
 Optical Character Reader 300 - 420 doc min
 (IBM 1418 & 1428)
 Numeric or alphabetic data (according to machine type)
 read from cards or documents. Characters,
 including certain special characters, which may be read 
 are 0.093 in. high, printed by an IBM 407, an IBM
 Elec. Typewriter, or an IBM 1403 Printer, Model 1 or 2. 
 Paper or card dimensions vary according to
 equipment model; horizontal width 3 to 8-3/4 in. and 
 vertical dimension of 2-1/3 to 4-732 in. Mark
 reading ability.
 Console Inquiry Station (IBM 1407)
 A modified IBM Elec. Typewriter can be used to obtain 
 or enter data on a limited basis; primarily used
 with disk storage. IBM Console, Model 3, used to enter
 or obtain (print) data, can also be attached to
 terminal equipment, thereby providing buffered, remote 
 communication ability.
 OUTPUT
 Medium Speed 
 Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 250 cards/min 
 Magnetic Tape
 Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340.
 Tape Punch (IBM 1012) 150 chars/sec
 Punches into paper or Mylar tape 5, 6, 7, 8-track.
 Printer (IBM 1403 Models 1 & 2) 600 lines/min
 Numerical Print Feature, option on the 1403, allows 
 1,385 lines/min printing of purely numerical data. 
 IBM 1404 Printer, used in lieu of 1403, has all 
 continuous form printing functions of 1403, plus a 
 dual channel cut-card feeding mechanism.
 CHECKING FEATURES
 Parity and validity checks are made. Programming
 checks, balances and controls may be made. 
 1402 Checking
 Automatic hole count check between read stations.
 Automatic Hollerith Validity check before storage entry.
 Automatic hole count check between punch station 
 and punch check station. 
 1402 Translation
 Automatic card to internal BCD input translation.
 Automatic internal BCD to card output translation. 
 1403 Checking
 Automatic parity check of character to be printed.
 Automatic validity check of character tobe printed.
 Hammer action to be performed.
 Hammer action performed. 
 Magnetic Tape Checking
 Vertical parity check by character.
 Horizontal check by record.
 Two-gap head verifies validity at the time data is written.
 Dual-level sensing provides additional checking of 
 tape read and write operations and error-free
 operation on valid data. 
 IBM Phase Encoding
 Provides highly reliable method of bit encoding on 
 Hypertape so all single-bit and most double-bit errors
 can be corrected.
 POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
 Requuirements vary widely, depending on the system
 configuration. Similar to IBM 1401
 COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
 479,000ドル and up depending on system configuration.
 9,800ドル and up depending on system configuration.
 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
 Varies considerably according to installation and application.
 Training made available by the manufacturer to
 the users includes programming and practical
 experience on systems.
 Programming systems available are:
 File (disk storage) Utilities and File Organization programs
 Report program Generators Autocoder
 Testing-debugging aids COBOL
 Sorts FORTRAN
 IOCS Card Utilities
 Sub-routines Tape Utilities
 Service routines FARGO
 Symbolic Programming System

 
 
 IBM 1620 MOD 2
 Data Processing System
 MANUFACTURER
 International Business Machines Corporation
 
 Photo by IBM
 APPLICATIONS
 System is used for the solution of problems in 
 petroleum, public utilities, optics, general manufacturing,
 general engineering, civil engineering and electronics.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary coded decimal
 Decimal digits/word Variable length
 Decimal digits/instruction 12
 Instructions word Variable field
 (1 instruction per 12 digits)
 Instructions decoded 50
 (43 standard, 7 optional)
 Arithmetic system Fixed & floating point
 Floating point is a special feature.
 Instruction type Two address
 Number range Variable field
 Instruction word format
 +-----------+-----------+-----------+
 | 1 2 | 3 7 | 8 12 |
 +-----------+-----------+-----------+
 | Operation | P Address | Q Address |
 +-----------+-----------+-----------+
 Automatic built-in subroutines
 Variable length floating point arithmetic 
 operations are available as special features.
 Automatic coding
 Symbolic Programming System, FORTRAN & GOTRAN
 Registers and B-Boxes
 Indirect addressing plus immediate instructions 
 are standard instead of indexing. 
 Branch and Transmit instruction provides single 
 instruction linkage to subroutines.

 
 
 IBM 1710
 IBM 1710 Control Control System
 MANUFACTURER
 International Business Machines Corporation.
 
 Photo by IBM
 APPLICATIONS
 On line, real-time system used in control of 
 processes such as petroleum (crude distillation., catalytic
 cracker, etc.) chemical processes (ammonia, plastics, 
 cement, paper, steel, used in testing and
 manufacturing control applications in electronic 
 components, vehicle testing, discrete manufacturing of
 equipment e.g. automotive parts, and used ire research 
 applications in government, hospitals, and
 universities.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary coded decimal
 Decimal digits/word Variable word length
 Decimal digits/instruction. 12
 Instructions/word 1
 Instructions decoded 50
 (IBM 1620 - type of IBM 1710
 Arithmetic system Fixed point,
 Floating point is a special feature.
 Instruction type Two-address
 Number range 10 +- 99 floating point characteristic
 Instruction word format
 +-------------+---------+--------------+
 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 5 12 |
 +-------------+---------+--------------+
 | 0 Operation | Data | Data Address |
 | | Address | or not used |
 +-------------+---------+--------------+
 The eighth digit is used a.: operation, modifier in
 some cases where the 8th through 12th digits are not
 used as the Data Address.
 Automatic built-in subroutines include variable
 length floating point arithmetic.
 Automatic coding
 FORTRAN, Executive Program, SPS

 
 IBM 6400
 Accounting Machine
 MANUFACTURER
 Electric typewriter Division, IBM
 
 Photo by IBM
 APPLICATIONS
 The IBM 6400 is an operator oriented, general purpose 
 accounting/computing machine. It is designed to
 handle a wide variety of accounting applications, 
 ranging from complete accounting systems in small
 and medium size businesses to specialized magnetic 
 ledger card applications in large business
 organizations, e.g. mortgage loan accounting, 
 installment loan accounting, hospital patient billing and
 brokerage confirmation preparation.
 Many applications can be tied together into one 
 accounting system, such as billing with automatic
 updating and control of Accounts Receivable and 
 Inventory records, plus sales analysis distribution.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary
 Binary digits/word 36
 Arithmetic system Fixed point
 Instruction type Two address
 Automatic built-in subroutines
 Subroutines may be programmed and automatically 
 activated, e.g.:
 Automatic new magnetic ledger card generation
 Alternate pricing routines
 Continuous form overflow preparation 
 Automatic coding
 Encoding from decimal to binary and from binary 
 to decimal.

 
 IBM 7010
 IBM 7010 Data Processing System
 MANUFACTURER
 International Business Machines Corporation
 
 Photo by IBM Corp., Data Processing Division
 APPLICATIONS
 General purpose computing with provisions for 
 on line, real time applications.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary coded decimal
 Decimal digits/word Variable
 Decimal digits/instruction Variable 1 to 12
 Instructions word 1
 Instructions decoded 32 instructions
 64 instruction modifiers
 Arithmetic system Fixed & floating point
 Instruction type Variable
 Number range Floating point -
 17 digit mantissa
 2 digit exponent
 Automatic built-in subroutines includes auto printout 
 and floating point arithmetic.
 Automatic coding includes FORTRAN, COBOL, and AUTOCODER.
 Registers and B-Boxes include 15 Index Registers, 
 1 Instruction Address Register, and 8 Address Registers.
 Broad package of programs available. The IBM 1401 set 
 of instructions are used.
 The instruction word format is variable, e.g. 
 only the operation code may be given. The op Code and
 one address, the OP Code and two addresses, 
 or the op Code, two addresses and a modifier
 +------+-----------+-----------+----------+
 | 1 | 2 6 | 7 11 | 12 |
 +------+-----------+-----------+----------+
 | OP | Address A | Address B | Modifier |
 | Code | | | |
 +------+-----------+-----------+----------+
 Instruction word format
 

 
 IBM 7040
 MANUFACTURER
 International Business Machines Corporation
 
 Photo by IBM Corp., Data Processing Division
 APPLICATIONS
 General purpose data processing. Scientific computing 
 Real time and multi computer capabilities available.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary
 Binary digits/word 36
 Binary digits/instruction 36
 Instructions/word 1
 Instructions decoded 120
 Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point
 Floating point - single and double precision available.
 Fixed point - standard
 Instruction type One address
 Number range (fixed point) 11 dec digits/word
 (floating point) 10 ± 38 (approx.)
 Instruction word format
 +-----------+-------+-------+---------+
 | S,1 11 | 12 17 | 18 20 | 21 35 |
 +-----------+-------+-------+---------+
 | Operation | Count | Tag | Address |
 +-----------+-------+-------+---------+
 S = Sign bit position
 Automatic coding 
 COBOL 
 MACRO Assembly 
 FORTRAN 
 Registers and B-Boxes 
 3 Index Registers 
 Instruction Register 
 Accumulator 
 MQ Register 
 Storage Register 
 Address Register

 
 I B M 7044
 MANUFACTURER
 International Business Machines Corporation
 
 Photo by IBM Corp., Data Processing Division
 APPLICATIONS
 General purpose data processing. Scientific computing 
 Real time and multi-computer capabilities available.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary
 Binary digits/word 36
 Binary digits/instruction 36
 Instructions/word 1
 Instructions decoded 120
 Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point
 Floating point is available in single and double precision.
 Fixed point is standard equipment.
 Instruction type One address
 Number range
 Fixed point: 11 decimal digits/word
 Floating point: approx 10 ± 38
 Instruction word format
 +-----------+-------+-------+---------+
 | S,1 11 | 12 17 | 18 20 | 21 35 |
 +-----------+-------+-------+---------+
 | Operation | Count | Tag | Address |
 +-----------+-------+-------+---------+
 S = Sign bit position
 Automatic coding 
 COBOL 
 MACRO Assembly 
 FORTRAN 
 Registers and B-Boxes 
 3 Index Registers 
 Instruction Register 
 Accumulator 
 MQ Register 
 Storage Register 
 Address Register
 Optional features include an interval timer, 
 a memory protect device and extended performance characteristics.

 
 IBM 7072
 IBM 7072 Data Processing System
 MANUFACTURER
 International Business Machines Corporation
 
 Photo by IBM
 APPLICATIONS
 General purpose but primarily scientifically oriented.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Decimal
 Decimal digits/word 10
 Decimal digits/instruction 10
 Instructions/word 1
 Instructions decoded 160 (with augmentation)
 Arithmetic system Floating & fixed point
 Instruction type One address (modified)
 Number range
 Fixed point: Up to 10 decimal digits
 Floating point: Exponent range of 100 
 Instruction word format
 +------+-------+----------+---------------+---------------+
 | + | 1 | 2 3 | 4 5 | 6 9 |
 +------+-------+----------+---------------+---------------+
 | Sign | OP | Index | FLD Def. | Address |
 | | Code | Register | Index Address | Register |
 | | | | Augmentation |Branch Address |
 +------+-------+----------+---------------+---------------+
 Automatic built-in subroutines.
 A housekeeping automatic built-in subroutine upon 
 entering interrupt, includes the store of instructions
 counter and condition latches.
 Registers and B-Boxes 
 3 Accumulators 
 1 Arithmetic Control Register 
 1 Auxiliary Control Register
 Up to 99 words of core storage can be used for indexing registers.
 ARITHMETIC UNIT
 Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
 Microsec Microsec
 Add 12
 Mutt 40.2 (6x3) & (6/3) 28.2
 digits
 Div 64.4 (6x3) & (6/3) 52.4
 digits
 Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
 Transistors
 Arithmetic mode Parallel
 Timing Asynchronous
 Operation Concurrent
 STORAGE
 No. of No. of Access
 Medium Words Digits Microsec
 Magnetic Core 5,000 to 50,000 to 6
 30,000 300,000
 Magnetic Tape
 No. of units that can be connected 20 Units
 No. of chars/linear inch 556 Chars/inch
 Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape
 Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
 Tape speed 36 Inches/sec
 Transfer rate 20,000 Chars/sec
 Start time (write) 7.2 Millisec
 Stop time (write) 4.4 Millisec
 Average time for experienced
 operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds

 
 IBM 7094 II
 MANUFACTURER
 International Business Machines Corporation
 
 Photo by IBM
 APPLICATIONS
 General purpose data processing Scientific computing 
 Real time data processing Multi-computer
 network capabilities Tele-processing capabilities
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary
 Binary digits/word 36
 Binary digits/instruction 36
 Instructions/word 1
 Instructions decoded 264
 Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point
 Single and double precision standard floating point 
 and standard fixed point.
 Instruction type One address
 Number range
 Fixed point 11 decimal digits/word
 Floating point 8 or 16 decimal digits in 10±38
 Several formats are used: 
 A typical format is:
 +-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
 | S, 1 11 | 12 13 | 14 17 | 18 20 | 21 35 |
 +-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
 | Operation | I/A | Count | Tag | Address |
 +-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
 

 
 ILLIAC II
 MANUFACTURER
 University of Illinois
 
 Photo by the University of Illinois
 APPLICATIONS
 Scientific, general purpose computing.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary
 Binary digits/word 52
 Binary digits/instruction 13 or 26
 Instructions/word 2, 2-1/2, 3, 3-1/2 or 4
 Instructions decoded 76
 Arithmetic system Floating point
 Instruction type 1 or 2 address
 Number range 1 x 4±64
 +------+-------+----------+----------------+----------+
 | Bits | 7 | 4 | 2 | 13 |
 +------+-------+----------+----------------+----------+
 | | Order | Modifier | Address | Address, |
 | | | | Interpretation | if used |
 +------+-------+----------+----------------+----------+
 

 
 ITT 525 VADE
 Versatile Auto Data Exchange
 MANUFACTURER
 ITT Federal Laboratories
 
 Photo by the ITT Federal Laboratories
 APPLICATIONS
 The system is designed for on-line and real 
 time applications, with many input lines, storage and
 forwarding switching center. A unique machine 
 organization makes optimum use of high-speed circuits
 and high-speed memory to reduce cost while maintaining 
 very high thruput. The system utilizes the stored
 logic concept.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary
 Binary digits/word 33
 Binary digits/instruction 32 plus parity
 Instructions/word 1
 Instructions decoded 64 maximum
 Arithmetic system Fixed point
 One's complement arithmetic is performed.
 Instruction type 3 One address
 Number range - (231 -1) to + (231 -1)
 +-------+-------+-----------+-------+---------+---------+
 | 0 | 1 | 2 7 | 8 13 | 14 29 | 30 31 |
 +-------+-------+-----------+-------+---------+---------+
 | Char. | Index | Senseable | Oper- | Word | Char. |
 | Mode | | Device | ation | Address | Address |
 +-------+-------+-----------+-------+---------+---------+
 Automatic built-in subroutines. None
 Automatic coding
 A symbolic assembler is available.
 Registers and B-Boxes 
 Accumulator 
 Memory Buffer 
 Memory Address 
 Instruction Register
 Control Buffer
 Index Register
 Most instructions may be executed in word or 
 character mode (4 characters per word)
 and most instructions are indexable.
 ARITHMETIC UNIT
 Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
 Microsec Microsec
 Add 6 0.5
 Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
 Transistors 4,000
 Arithmetic mode Parallel
 Timing Synchronous
 Operation Sequential
 Three memory accesses are utilized per operation.
 STORAGE
 No. of No. of Binary Access
 Words Digits/word Microsec
 Magnetic Core 32,000 33 0.75
 Smaller storage units are available.
 Magnetic Tape
 No. of units that can be connected 8 Units
 No. of chars/linear inch 200 Chars/inch

 
 ITT 7300 MOD II
 Automatic Data Exchange (ADX) System Model II
 MANUFACTURER
 ITT Information Systems Division
 
 Photo by ITT Information Systems Division
 The hardware at left is an Automatic Send-Receive 
 Device; hardware in center is the ITT 7301 MOD II
 Multiplex Message Processor; hardware on right is 
 ITT 7321 Magnetic Tape Control Unit and the ITT 7320
 Magnetic Tape Unit. The panel at the front of the 
 ITT 7301 MOD II is used by the computer programmer
 and the panel in the center is used by the 
 communications supervisor to provide status information.
 APPLICATIONS
 Applications include real-time message/data 
 switching and information processing, command and
 control, management information, air traffic 
 control, selfadaptive communications, process 
 control and simulation.
 This description pertains to the ITT 7301 MOD II 
 multiplex message processor as used in the 
 ITT 7300 ADX System.
 PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
 Internal number system Binary
 Binary digits/word 18
 Binary digits/instruction 18
 Instructions/word 1
 Instructions decoded 104 (expandable)
 Arithmetic system Fixed point
 Instruction type One address
 Number range +131,071 to -131,071 (Decimal
 Instruction word format
 +---------+----------+-----------+---------+--------+
 | 5 Bits | 1 Bit | 12 Bits | 9 Bits | 9 Bits |
 +---------+----------+-----------+---------+--------+
 | OP Code | Indirect | Address | OP Code | Count |
 +---------+----------+-----------+---------+--------+
 +---------+----------+-----------+
 | 5 Bits | 1 Bit | 12 Bits |
 +---------+----------+-----------+ 
 | OP Code | Negation | Modifiers |
 +---------+----------+-----------+
 Automatic built-in subroutines 
 Read-in-mode (bootstrap) 
 Parity Error Trap 
 Priority Interrupt (multi-sequence)
 Automatic coding 
 Relocatable macro-based assembler

 
 Registers and B-Boxes
 Accumulator Digital Data Display Buffer
 In/Out Reg (LOPR) Multi-sequencing Control
 Memory Address Register
 Memory Buffer Program Counter
 Reader Buffer Instruction Register
 Punch Buffer Core Memory
 Keyboard Buffer Typewriter Buffers
 Printer Buffer
 There is a one bit parity on words in storage.
 ARITHMETIC UNIT
 Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
 Microsec Microsec
 Add 24 3 (concurrent w/storage
 access)
 Mult 390
 Div 528
 Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
 Transistors 180 germanium PNP
 Diodes 270 germanium
 Arithmetic mode Parallel
 Addition is concurrent with storage access.
 Multiplication and division is accomplished by sub
 routine using micro commands MUS and DIS.
 One's complement arithemetic is used.
 Timing Synchronous
 Operation Sequential on instruction,
 concurrent on Input/Output/Compute
 STORAGE
 No. of No of Access
 Medium Words Bin/Digits Microsec
 Magnetic Core 65,536 1,179,648 6
 Magnetic Tape 5,337,600 96,076,800 192
 Magnetic Drum 89,600 1,702,400 8,300
 Magnetic Disc 1,572,864 29,884,436 25,000
 Maximum core storage is given above.
 Capacity of tape is given for each reel.
 Magnetic Tape
 No. of units that can be connected 32 Units
 No. of chars/linear inch 556 Chars/inch
 Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Tracks/tape
 Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
 Tape speed 75 Inches/sec
 Transfer rate 41,700 Chars/sec
 Start time 5 Millisec
 Stop time 5 Millisec
 Average time for experienced
 operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds
 Physical properties of tape
 Width 0.5 Inches
 Length of reel 2,400 Feet
 Composition Mylar
 Magnetic tape access time assumes access in the 
 middle of the tape (2,200 ft) from one end.
 Backward read available.
 INPUT
 Medium Speed
 Teletypewriter Lines
 Console Teletypewriter
 Data Speed Lines 2,400 baud
 Paper Tape Reader 10 - 400 cycles/sec
 Card Reader 800 cards/min
 In addition, there are manual console switches, 
 magnetic tape, magnetic drum, magnetic disc, dual
 transfer path between machines for dual systems, 
 and inquiry sets. Any available codes may be used at
 any commercial speeds.
 OUTPUT
 Medium Speed
 Teletypewriter Lines
 Console Typewriter Typing speed
 Data Speed Lines to 2,400 baud
 Paper Tape Punch 10 cps - 400 cps
 Card Punch 250 cards/min
 High Speed Printer 600 - 1,000 lines/min
 In addition, there are console and peripheral indicator 
 lights, magnetic tape, magnetic drum, magnetic
 disk, dual transfer path between machines for dual 
 systems, digital data display (direct-view CRT and
 projection). Any available code may be used 
 at any commercial speed.
 CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
 Type Quantity
 Tubes 0
 Diodes 22,209
 Transistors 11,742
 Magnetic Cores 1,245,184 (max)
 The cores are arranged in 19 arrays of 4,096 words each.
 CHECKING FEATURES
 Fixed checking features include memory parity 
 and peripheral equipment status and error checks.
 Diagnostic routines are available as well as 
 programmed message/data checking.
 POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
 Power, cumputer 5.0 Kw
 Volume, computer 130 cu ft
 Area, computer 26 sq ft
 Room size 15 x 20 ft
 Floor loading 150 lbs/sq ft
 3,000 lbs concen max
 Weight, computer 5,000 lbs
 Site preparation requirements
 False floor (or ducting) are required
 Air conditioning is required for 20,000 BTU/hr 
 to maintain 60 - 80 F and 40% to 60% relative humidity.
 PRODUCTION RECORD
 Number produced to date 8
 Number in current operation 6
 Time required for delivery 9 months
 An average installation requires nine months 
 to deliver hardware on-site, three months to cutover a
 completely operational real-time system.
 COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
 Maintenance provided either as part of rental, 
 or separate contract, if sale.
 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
 One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour
 Shift Shifts Shifts
 Supervisors 1 2 3
 Operators 1 2 3
 Technicians 1 2 3
 Training made available by the manufacturer to 
 the users include a basic programing course, an
 advanced programming course, operator course, 
 supervisor course, and and executive seminar in
 information processing.