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Alfredo González-Ruibal

My research focuses on the archaeology of the contemporary past. In particular, I work on the darker side of the 20th and 21st century: war, colonialism, dictatorship and capitalism. I have been coordinating a project on the archaeology of the Spanish Civil War and the Franco dictatorship (1936-1975) since 2006.

I am also interested in the material strategies deployed by communities who still resist modernity, globalization and the state. In relation to this, I have conducted research among living nonmodern societies in western Ethiopia and Brazil. My present archaeological projects in the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Somaliland and Djibouti) try to bridge the divide between prehistoric, historical and contemporary archaeology. I am exploring the relationship between state and stateless societies and long-distance connections during the last two millennia.

I do not work on cultural heritage if I can help it and I am highly skilled in not getting funding.
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Books by Alfredo González-Ruibal

Editorial Crítica, Barcelona, 2023
Este libro explora desde un punto de vista arqueológico las distintas formas de violencia colecti...Este libro explora desde un punto de vista arqueológico las distintas formas de violencia colectiva que han existido desde los primeros cazadores-recolectores hasta la actualidad. El relato se construye a partir de las fosas comunes, los restos de los campos de batalla, los poblados arrasados y las fortificaciones y pone especial énfasis en los no combatientes y las víctimas olvidadas en todos los conflictos.

This book explores from an archaeological point of view the diverse forms of collective violence that have existed from the Palaeolithic to the present. The narrative is based on evidence provided by mass graves, remains of battlefields, razed settlements and fortifications and puts special emphasis on non-combatants and the forgotten victims of historical conflicts.
Routledge, 2020
First chapter of "The Archaeology of the Spanish Civil War". The book offers the first comprehens...First chapter of "The Archaeology of the Spanish Civil War". The book offers the first comprehensive account of this conflict from an archaeological perspective, providing an alternative narrative on one of the most important conflicts of the twentieth century, widely seen as a prelude to the Second World War.

Between 1936 and 1939, totalitarianism and democracy, fascism and revolution clashed in Spain, while the latest military technologies were being tested, including strategic bombing and combined arms warfare, and violence against civilians became widespread. Archaeology, however, complicates the picture as it brings forgotten actors into play: obsolete weapons, vernacular architecture, ancient structures (from Iron Age hillforts to sheepfolds), peasant traditions, and makeshift arms. By looking at these things, another story of the war unfolds, one that pays more attention to intimate experiences and anonymous individuals. Archaeology also helps to clarify battles, which were often chaotic and only partially documented, and to understand better the patterns of political violence, whose effects were literally buried for over 70 years. The narrative starts with the coup against the Second Spanish Republic on 18 July 1936, follows the massacres and battles that marked the path of the war, and ends in the early 1950s, when the last forced labor camps were closed and the anti-Francoist guerrillas suppressed.

The book draws on 20 years of research to bring together perspectives from battlefield archaeology, archaeologies of internment, and forensics. It will be of interest to anybody interested in historical and contemporary archaeology, human rights violations, modern military history, and negative heritage
Routledge, 2019
An Archaeology of the Contemporary Era approaches the contemporary age, between the late nineteen...An Archaeology of the Contemporary Era approaches the contemporary age, between the late nineteenth and twenty-first centuries, as an archaeological period defined by specific material processes. It reflects on the theory and practice of the archaeology of the contemporary past from epistemological, political, ethical and aesthetic viewpoints, and characterises the present based on archaeological traces from the spatial, temporal and material excesses that define it. The materiality of our era, the book argues, and particularly its ruins and rubbish, reveals something profound, original and disturbing about humanity. This is the first attempt at describing the contemporary era from an archaeological point of view. Global in scope, the book brings together case studies from every continent and considers sources from peripheral and rarely considered traditions, meanwhile engaging in an interdisciplinary dialogue with philosophy, anthropology, history and geography. The document includes the table of contents and Chapter 1.
Alianza, Madrid, 2018
An introduction to archaeology (in Spanish), with particular emphasis on current research themes ...An introduction to archaeology (in Spanish), with particular emphasis on current research themes and public archaeology. The document includes the table of contents, introduction and Chapter 1.
Una introducción a la arqueología (en español) que pone el énfasis en los temas de investigación recientes y en la arqueología pública. El documento incluye el índice, la introducción y el primer capítulo.
Alianza, Madrid, Jan 2016
The first archaeological account of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and its aftermath. "Volver...The first archaeological account of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and its aftermath.

"Volver a las trincheras" propone una visión radicalmente distinta de la Guerra Civil española y la inmediata posguerra. No porque llegue a conclusiones necesariamente diferentes a las de los historiadores, sino porque utiliza una materia prima inédita: latas, casquillos, trincheras y fosas. Estos son los documentos con los que se construyen las historias que aquí se narran. Unos documentos que no hablan solo de batallas y asesinatos, sino también de experiencias cotidianas: de terror, esperanza, amor y memoria. Se trata de las vidas (y muertes) de personas anónimas enfrentadas a circunstancias excepcionales. Este libro cuenta una historia de la guerra que nos llevará desde las trincheras de la Ciudad Universitaria en Madrid, en noviembre de 1936, hasta el destacamento penal de Bustarviejo, cerrado en 1952, muchos años después de que se escuchara el último tiro en los frentes.
Memoria final de la investigación histórica y arqueológica realizada en los destacamentos penales...Memoria final de la investigación histórica y arqueológica realizada en los destacamentos penales de Cuelgamuros en 2021 en el marco del proyecto 205-MD-2020, financiado por la Secretaría de Estado de Memoria Democrática en la convocatoria de subvenciones en régimen de concurrencia competitiva destinadas a actividades relacionadas con la recuperación de la memoria democrática y las víctimas de la Guerra Civil y de la dictadura.
Staniewska A., Domańska E. (red.), Ekshumacje polityczne: teoria i praktyka, Gdańsk-Lubin: słowo/obraz terytoria, Muzeum Historyczne w Lubinie 2023. Dostępna w przedsprzedaży., 2023
Pierwsza w Polsce publikacja dotycząca ekshumacji politycznych, które zostały ukazane w perspekty...Pierwsza w Polsce publikacja dotycząca ekshumacji politycznych, które zostały ukazane w perspektywie zarówno globalnej, jak i lokalnej, humanistycznej i przyrodniczej. Zebrane w książce artykuły oferują innowacyjne i panoramiczne ujęcie rozmaitych przypadków ekshumacji politycznych i praktyk odsłaniania grobów. Wiążą różne zdarzenia, ludzi i miejsca, a także teorie, metody i tendencje badawcze. Praca włącza się w dynamicznie rozwijające się w Polsce i na świecie studia nad martwym ciałem i szczątkami, badaniami grobów masowych i ekshumacji, które traktowane są jako wyznaczniki kondycji współczesnego świata i człowieka.

SPIS TREŚCI:

Alexandra Staniewska, Ewa Domańska, Ekshumacje polityczne jako zjawisko społeczne i wielodziedzinowe pole badań (s. 13)

CZĘŚĆ I – TEORIE, METODY, PODEJŚCIA BADAWCZE
– Élisabeth Anstett, Co to jest grób masowy? Ku antropologii postępowania ze szczątkami ludzkimi we współczesnych kontekstach zbrodni masowych (s. 65)
– Erin Jessee, Mark Skinner, Typologia grobów masowych i związanych z nimi miejsc (s. 82)
– Christopher J. Knüsel, John Robb, Tafonomia funeralna: przegląd celów i metod (s. 93)
– Leszek Majgier, Oimahmad Rahmonov, Nekrosole wybranych cmentarzy Krainy Wielkich Jezior Mazurskich (s. 157)
– Józef Żychowski, Przegląd wyników badań prowadzonych na świecie nad wpływem cmentarzy na chemizm wód podziemnych (s. 173)
– Zbigniew Kobyliński, Źródła archeologiczne czy święte kości przodków: kulturowe uwarunkowania traktowania szczątków ludzkich z wykopalisk (s. 198)
– Alfredo González‐Ruibal, Etyka archeologii (s. 225)

CZĘŚĆ II – PERSPEKTYWA GLOBALNA:
– Clyde Collins Snow, Przedmowa do książki Archeologia sądowa: perspektywa globalna (s. 253)
– Francisco Ferrándiz, Życia po życiu: społeczna autopsja ekshumacji grobów masowych w Hiszpanii (s. 266)
– Sarah Wagner, Problemy z niekompletnymi i przemieszanymi szczątkami:
porównanie zaginionych ze Srebrenicy i ofiar wojny koreańskiej (s. 292)
– Élisabeth Anstett, Szczątki ludzkie z Gułagu. Ujęcie antropologiczne (s. 316)
– Małgorzata Wosińska, Upamiętnianie ludzkich szczątków jako strategia emancypacyjna. Ludobójstwo w Rwandzie a Holokaust (s. 333)
– Dorothée Delacroix, Etnografia uciszanej przemocy. Ku antropologii życia pośmiertnego zamordowanych i zaginionych w Peru (s. 365)
– Anne Yvonne Guillou, Od kości-dowodów do duchów opiekuńczych. Status ciał po ludobójstwie Czerwonych Khmerów (s. 385)

CZĘŚĆ III – PERSPEKTYWA LOKALNA:
– Caroline Sturdy Colls, Archeologie Zagłady i badanie miejsc nazistowskich prześladowań (s. 403)
– Andrzej Kola, Zbrodnia katyńska w świetle prac archeologiczno- -ekshumacyjnych tajnych cmentarzysk NKWD w Charkowie (Piatichatki) i Kijowie (Bykownia) (s. 459)
– Krzysztof Persak, Ekshumacja, której (prawie) nie było. Prace archeologiczno-ekshumacyjne w Jedwabnem w 2001 roku i ich wyniki (s. 486)
– Milena Bykowska, Zdjęcia lotnicze i materiał DNA w procesie identyfikacji skazanych na karę śmierci i rozstrzelanych w Polsce w latach 1944–1956. Zarys problematyki (s. 516)
– Informacja o postępowaniu w sprawie katastrofy smoleńskiej (s. 531)
– Marcin Napiórkowski, Uroczystości żałobne jako narzędzie legitymizacji i delegitymizacji władzy (s. 535)
– Paweł Tomczok, Nekropatriotyzm Przemysława Dakowicza (s. 559)
– Przemysław Dakowicz, Rodowód, Brama Salariańska (s. 568)
– Grzegorz Kwiatkowski, mogił, zbierać (s. 569)

– Ewa Domańska, Nekrodziedzictwo (s. 572)

Edited books by Alfredo González-Ruibal

Springer, 2015
This volume examines the distinctive and highly problematic ethical questions surrounding conflic...This volume examines the distinctive and highly problematic ethical questions surrounding conflict archaeology. By bringing together sophisticated analyses and pertinent case studies from around the world it aims to address the problems facing archaeologists working in areas of violent conflict, past and present. Of all the contentious issues within archaeology and heritage, the study of conflict and work within conflict zones are undoubtedly the most highly charged and hotly debated, both within and outside the discipline. Ranging across the conflict zones of the world past and present, this book attempts to raise the level of these often fractious debates by locating them within ethical frameworks. The issues and debates in this book range across a range of ethical models, including deontological, teleological and virtue ethics. The chapters address real-world ethical conundrums that confront archaeologists in a diversity of countries, including Israel/Palestine, Iran, Uruguay, Argentina, Rwanda, Germany and Spain. They all have in common recent, traumatic experiences of war and dictatorship. The chapters provide carefully argued, thought-provoking analyses and examples that will be of real practical use to archaeologists in formulating and addressing ethical dilemmas in a confident and constructive manner.
Archaeology has been an important source of metaphors for some of the key intellectuals of the 20...Archaeology has been an important source of metaphors for some of the key intellectuals of the 20th century: Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin, Alois Riegl and Michel Foucault, amongst many others. However, this power has also turned against archaeology, because the discipline has been dealt with perfunctorily as a mere provider of metaphors that other intellectuals have exploited. Scholars from different fields continue to explore areas in which archaeologists have been working for over two centuries, with little or no reference to the discipline. It seems that excavation, stratigraphy or ruins only become important at a trans-disciplinary level when people from outside archaeology pay attention to them and somehow dematerialize them. Meanwhile, archaeologists have been usually more interested in borrowing theories from other fields, rather than in developing the theoretical potential of the same concepts that other thinkers find so useful.

The time is ripe for archaeologists to address a wider audience and engage in theoretical debates from a position of equality, not of subalternity. Reclaiming Archaeology explores how archaeology can be useful to rethink modernity’s big issues, and more specifically late modernity (broadly understood as the 20th and 21st centuries). The book contains a series of original essays, not necessarily following the conventional academic rules of archaeological writing or thinking, allowing rhetoric to have its place in disclosing the archaeological. In each of the four sections that constitute this book (method, time, heritage and materiality), the contributors deal with different archaeological tropes, such as excavation, surface/depth, genealogy, ruins, fragments, repressed memories and traces. They criticize their modernist implications and rework them in creative ways, in order to show the power of archaeology not just to understand the past, but also the present.

Reclaiming Archaeology includes essays from a diverse array of archaeologists who have dealt in one way or another with modernity, including scholars from non-Anglophone countries who have approached the issue in original ways during recent years, as well as contributors from other fields who engage in a creative dialogue with archaeology and the work of archaeologists.

Papers by Alfredo González-Ruibal

"Cultural Heritage and the Future". Edited By Cornelius Holtorf & Anders Högberg, Routledge., 2020
In this chapter, I would like to examine folk art environments from the point of view of heritag...In this chapter, I would like to examine folk art environments from the point of view of heritage. Folk environments are built spaces created by non-professional artists or architects, often peculiar characters living in the margins of society. To create such spaces, the artists make lavish use of recycled materials, including modern construction materials, broken artefacts, cheap decorations and objects in varying states of decay. Although there are several historical precedents, folk art environments seem to have developed mostly from the late 19th century onwards and can be considered, in many ways, a by-product of modernity, democratization and the industrial revolution. I argue that the logic of folk art environments has much to tell archaeologists and heritage practitioners about value, emotion and temporality, which are all fundamental principles in the production of heritage. They are are useful both for interrogating assumed concepts of past, present and future in heritage studies and for proposing novel and more imaginative ways of dealing with heritage.
El tiempo de las ruinas, editado por Cristóbal Gnecco y Mario Rufer. Uniandes/Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Bogotá, 2023
En este capítulo se ofrecen siete visiones, entre la arqueología y la literatura, de otros tantos...En este capítulo se ofrecen siete visiones, entre la arqueología y la literatura, de otros tantos paisajes contemporáneos en ruinas de España, Etiopía, Somalilandia y Guinea Ecuatorial.
Geoforum, 2022
In this article, I intend to use archaeology's understanding of deep time and infrastructure to e...In this article, I intend to use archaeology's understanding of deep time and infrastructure to explore the ways in which state-making has been challenged in the Horn of Africa during the last two millennia. I will take a longterm approach to state ecology and state resistance so as to eschew the presentist bias that is all too frequent in political analyses, particularly in Africa, and that prevents us from understanding some of the deep undercurrent that explain contemporary phenomena. The Horn is an ideal case for this kind of inquiry because it has some of the oldest state polities south of the Sahara; state trajectories in the region are non-linear and fraught with obstacles, though surprisingly persistent, and small-scale, stateless societies have proved to be extremely persistent, both in the periphery and at the heart of the state. Here I will explore three themes that are illustrative of the relationship between state-building, infrastructures and resistance in the borderlands of the Horn of Africa: the anti-infrastructural ethos of nomadic pastoralists; internal frontiers or zones of difference, and liminal ecologies, such as swamps and escarpments, which defy state control, technologies and imaginaries.
"La desaparición social. Límites y posibilidades de una herramienta para entender vidas que no cuentan". Editado por David Casado Neira, Gabriel Gatti, Ignacio Irazuzta, María Martínez González. Universidad del País Vasco. , 2021
Por definición, la arqueología estudia vidas abandonadas y muertes descuidadas, al menos en un se...Por definición, la arqueología estudia vidas abandonadas y muertes
descuidadas, al menos en un sentido literal. Una parte importante de esa
desaparición que documentamos los arqueólogos es no solo literal en el
sentido físico, sino también una desaparición social. Gente descontada,
que ha quedado fuera del relato histórico: campesinos, esclavos, coloniza-
dos, personas sin hogar, proletariado, etc. La historiografía descuidó a los
descuidados hasta los años 20 del pasado siglo, cuando la escuela de Annales comenzó a contar (narrar) y contabilizar a las masas desaparecidas (es significativo que la historia de los subalternos viniera de la mano de la historia cuantitativa). En arqueología los desaparecidos sociales siempre han estado presentes por una cuestión básica de representatividad en lo que denominamos el registro arqueológico —la suma de las cosas que quedan materialmente, enterradas O no, y que pueden ser documentadas—. Sin embargo, la preocupación por la desaparición social como problema es muy posterior a la de la historiografía, excepto en el caso de las arqueologías marxistas.
The Routledge Handbook of Global Historical Archaeology, 2020
Northeast Africa is unique in the continent for its combination of a variety of external influenc...Northeast Africa is unique in the continent for its combination of a variety of external influences (from the Mediterranean, the Middle East and the Indian Ocean) and the unparalleled diversity of the local societies. Their members speak hundreds of different languages, practice all sorts of livelihoods (from hunting and gathering to intensive agriculture), and were organized until very recently under a diversity of political systems, from bands to empires. This complex scenario emerged in the first millennium BC and continues to this day. In this chapter, I will focus on the archaeology of the region from the fifteenth century to the present. Although the area is usually considered to comprise Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Somalia, the first country will be left out of this review, as its historical trajectory is quite different to the rest of the countries that will be discussed here.
El expoliar se va a acabar: uso de detectores de metales y arqueología: sanciones administrativas y penales (I. Rodríguez Temiño, A. Yáñez, eds.), 2018
La discusión sobre el uso del detector de metales por aficionados tiende a polarizarse: por un la...La discusión sobre el uso del detector de metales por aficionados tiende a polarizarse: por un lado nos encontramos con la postura de arqueólogos intransigentes para quienes el detectorista es un delincuente por definición, por otro la de detectoristas que consideran que tienen todo el derecho a practicar su hobby sin restricción alguna. La realidad, como siempre, se resiste a las dicotomías y esto resulta particularmente obvio en el caso de la Guerra Civil. Mi reflexión sobre este tema se basa en cerca de una década trabajando en arqueología de la guerra y la dictadura, a lo largo de la cual he tenido experiencias positivas y negativas con los usuarios del detector.
Networked spaces. The spatiality of networks in the Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean, 2022
The coast of Somaliland was the scenario of intense interactions between merchants and local past...The coast of Somaliland was the scenario of intense interactions between merchants and local pastoralists in Antiquity, as part of the Indian Ocean trade pattern. The site of Heis (Xiis in Somali) is a large necropolis, consisting of hundreds of cairns, on the coast of eastern Somaliland. It is known since the late 19th century for its remarkable evidence of trade
with the Roman Empire, but it has not been the object of systematic research until 2017. In this chapter, we present new data from surveys and excavations conducted during two field seasons, focusing on imported materials (pottery and glass), mainly from the Roman and Parthian empires and South Arabia, between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. Imported materials represent 99% of all artefacts documented in survey and excavation. This research is part of an ongoing project on long-distance trade in Somaliland.
World Archaeology, 2019
All wars are traumatic and leave a deep imprint in the collective memory of a society, but few wa...All wars are traumatic and leave a deep imprint in the collective memory of a society, but few wars are as traumatic as civil wars. They transform people, collectives and landscapes both deeply and extensively, and have shaped the course of human history. Yet they are also elusive to define – even for historians and political scientists – and have been the object of little theorization. In archaeology, external conflicts have attracted more interest, whereas civil wars have been mainly approached as yet another armed confrontation. Researchers have been looking at the archaeological remains of battlefields, fortifications, camps and mass graves and have provided important insights into a diversity of military aspects, both combat-related and logistical. From this perspective, archaeology is closer to military history than to the social sciences. Without forgetting the military side, contributors to this issue intend to address wider anthropological, historical and archaeological questions, such as the social experience of civil war, traumatic memory, political violence, gender identities and the relevance of landscape and material culture in shaping conflict.
Journal of Social Archaeology, 2022
Since 1945, most fascist monuments have disappeared or have been deactivated in Western Europe. T...Since 1945, most fascist monuments have disappeared or have been deactivated in Western Europe. There is one in Spain, however, that remains fully operative: the Valley of the Fallen. The complex, devised by the dictator Francisco Franco, celebrates the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), keeps the bodies of thousands of victims of the conflict, as well as the leading fascist ideologue and the dictator himself, and provides a material narrative that exalts the dictatorship. With the advent of democracy in
Editorial Crítica, Barcelona, 2023
Este libro explora desde un punto de vista arqueológico las distintas formas de violencia colecti...Este libro explora desde un punto de vista arqueológico las distintas formas de violencia colectiva que han existido desde los primeros cazadores-recolectores hasta la actualidad. El relato se construye a partir de las fosas comunes, los restos de los campos de batalla, los poblados arrasados y las fortificaciones y pone especial énfasis en los no combatientes y las víctimas olvidadas en todos los conflictos.

This book explores from an archaeological point of view the diverse forms of collective violence that have existed from the Palaeolithic to the present. The narrative is based on evidence provided by mass graves, remains of battlefields, razed settlements and fortifications and puts special emphasis on non-combatants and the forgotten victims of historical conflicts.
Routledge, 2020
First chapter of "The Archaeology of the Spanish Civil War". The book offers the first comprehens...First chapter of "The Archaeology of the Spanish Civil War". The book offers the first comprehensive account of this conflict from an archaeological perspective, providing an alternative narrative on one of the most important conflicts of the twentieth century, widely seen as a prelude to the Second World War.

Between 1936 and 1939, totalitarianism and democracy, fascism and revolution clashed in Spain, while the latest military technologies were being tested, including strategic bombing and combined arms warfare, and violence against civilians became widespread. Archaeology, however, complicates the picture as it brings forgotten actors into play: obsolete weapons, vernacular architecture, ancient structures (from Iron Age hillforts to sheepfolds), peasant traditions, and makeshift arms. By looking at these things, another story of the war unfolds, one that pays more attention to intimate experiences and anonymous individuals. Archaeology also helps to clarify battles, which were often chaotic and only partially documented, and to understand better the patterns of political violence, whose effects were literally buried for over 70 years. The narrative starts with the coup against the Second Spanish Republic on 18 July 1936, follows the massacres and battles that marked the path of the war, and ends in the early 1950s, when the last forced labor camps were closed and the anti-Francoist guerrillas suppressed.

The book draws on 20 years of research to bring together perspectives from battlefield archaeology, archaeologies of internment, and forensics. It will be of interest to anybody interested in historical and contemporary archaeology, human rights violations, modern military history, and negative heritage
Routledge, 2019
An Archaeology of the Contemporary Era approaches the contemporary age, between the late nineteen...An Archaeology of the Contemporary Era approaches the contemporary age, between the late nineteenth and twenty-first centuries, as an archaeological period defined by specific material processes. It reflects on the theory and practice of the archaeology of the contemporary past from epistemological, political, ethical and aesthetic viewpoints, and characterises the present based on archaeological traces from the spatial, temporal and material excesses that define it. The materiality of our era, the book argues, and particularly its ruins and rubbish, reveals something profound, original and disturbing about humanity. This is the first attempt at describing the contemporary era from an archaeological point of view. Global in scope, the book brings together case studies from every continent and considers sources from peripheral and rarely considered traditions, meanwhile engaging in an interdisciplinary dialogue with philosophy, anthropology, history and geography. The document includes the table of contents and Chapter 1.
Alianza, Madrid, 2018
An introduction to archaeology (in Spanish), with particular emphasis on current research themes ...An introduction to archaeology (in Spanish), with particular emphasis on current research themes and public archaeology. The document includes the table of contents, introduction and Chapter 1.
Una introducción a la arqueología (en español) que pone el énfasis en los temas de investigación recientes y en la arqueología pública. El documento incluye el índice, la introducción y el primer capítulo.
Alianza, Madrid, Jan 2016
The first archaeological account of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and its aftermath. "Volver...The first archaeological account of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and its aftermath.

"Volver a las trincheras" propone una visión radicalmente distinta de la Guerra Civil española y la inmediata posguerra. No porque llegue a conclusiones necesariamente diferentes a las de los historiadores, sino porque utiliza una materia prima inédita: latas, casquillos, trincheras y fosas. Estos son los documentos con los que se construyen las historias que aquí se narran. Unos documentos que no hablan solo de batallas y asesinatos, sino también de experiencias cotidianas: de terror, esperanza, amor y memoria. Se trata de las vidas (y muertes) de personas anónimas enfrentadas a circunstancias excepcionales. Este libro cuenta una historia de la guerra que nos llevará desde las trincheras de la Ciudad Universitaria en Madrid, en noviembre de 1936, hasta el destacamento penal de Bustarviejo, cerrado en 1952, muchos años después de que se escuchara el último tiro en los frentes.
Memoria final de la investigación histórica y arqueológica realizada en los destacamentos penales...Memoria final de la investigación histórica y arqueológica realizada en los destacamentos penales de Cuelgamuros en 2021 en el marco del proyecto 205-MD-2020, financiado por la Secretaría de Estado de Memoria Democrática en la convocatoria de subvenciones en régimen de concurrencia competitiva destinadas a actividades relacionadas con la recuperación de la memoria democrática y las víctimas de la Guerra Civil y de la dictadura.
Staniewska A., Domańska E. (red.), Ekshumacje polityczne: teoria i praktyka, Gdańsk-Lubin: słowo/obraz terytoria, Muzeum Historyczne w Lubinie 2023. Dostępna w przedsprzedaży., 2023
Pierwsza w Polsce publikacja dotycząca ekshumacji politycznych, które zostały ukazane w perspekty...Pierwsza w Polsce publikacja dotycząca ekshumacji politycznych, które zostały ukazane w perspektywie zarówno globalnej, jak i lokalnej, humanistycznej i przyrodniczej. Zebrane w książce artykuły oferują innowacyjne i panoramiczne ujęcie rozmaitych przypadków ekshumacji politycznych i praktyk odsłaniania grobów. Wiążą różne zdarzenia, ludzi i miejsca, a także teorie, metody i tendencje badawcze. Praca włącza się w dynamicznie rozwijające się w Polsce i na świecie studia nad martwym ciałem i szczątkami, badaniami grobów masowych i ekshumacji, które traktowane są jako wyznaczniki kondycji współczesnego świata i człowieka.

SPIS TREŚCI:

Alexandra Staniewska, Ewa Domańska, Ekshumacje polityczne jako zjawisko społeczne i wielodziedzinowe pole badań (s. 13)

CZĘŚĆ I – TEORIE, METODY, PODEJŚCIA BADAWCZE
– Élisabeth Anstett, Co to jest grób masowy? Ku antropologii postępowania ze szczątkami ludzkimi we współczesnych kontekstach zbrodni masowych (s. 65)
– Erin Jessee, Mark Skinner, Typologia grobów masowych i związanych z nimi miejsc (s. 82)
– Christopher J. Knüsel, John Robb, Tafonomia funeralna: przegląd celów i metod (s. 93)
– Leszek Majgier, Oimahmad Rahmonov, Nekrosole wybranych cmentarzy Krainy Wielkich Jezior Mazurskich (s. 157)
– Józef Żychowski, Przegląd wyników badań prowadzonych na świecie nad wpływem cmentarzy na chemizm wód podziemnych (s. 173)
– Zbigniew Kobyliński, Źródła archeologiczne czy święte kości przodków: kulturowe uwarunkowania traktowania szczątków ludzkich z wykopalisk (s. 198)
– Alfredo González‐Ruibal, Etyka archeologii (s. 225)

CZĘŚĆ II – PERSPEKTYWA GLOBALNA:
– Clyde Collins Snow, Przedmowa do książki Archeologia sądowa: perspektywa globalna (s. 253)
– Francisco Ferrándiz, Życia po życiu: społeczna autopsja ekshumacji grobów masowych w Hiszpanii (s. 266)
– Sarah Wagner, Problemy z niekompletnymi i przemieszanymi szczątkami:
porównanie zaginionych ze Srebrenicy i ofiar wojny koreańskiej (s. 292)
– Élisabeth Anstett, Szczątki ludzkie z Gułagu. Ujęcie antropologiczne (s. 316)
– Małgorzata Wosińska, Upamiętnianie ludzkich szczątków jako strategia emancypacyjna. Ludobójstwo w Rwandzie a Holokaust (s. 333)
– Dorothée Delacroix, Etnografia uciszanej przemocy. Ku antropologii życia pośmiertnego zamordowanych i zaginionych w Peru (s. 365)
– Anne Yvonne Guillou, Od kości-dowodów do duchów opiekuńczych. Status ciał po ludobójstwie Czerwonych Khmerów (s. 385)

CZĘŚĆ III – PERSPEKTYWA LOKALNA:
– Caroline Sturdy Colls, Archeologie Zagłady i badanie miejsc nazistowskich prześladowań (s. 403)
– Andrzej Kola, Zbrodnia katyńska w świetle prac archeologiczno- -ekshumacyjnych tajnych cmentarzysk NKWD w Charkowie (Piatichatki) i Kijowie (Bykownia) (s. 459)
– Krzysztof Persak, Ekshumacja, której (prawie) nie było. Prace archeologiczno-ekshumacyjne w Jedwabnem w 2001 roku i ich wyniki (s. 486)
– Milena Bykowska, Zdjęcia lotnicze i materiał DNA w procesie identyfikacji skazanych na karę śmierci i rozstrzelanych w Polsce w latach 1944–1956. Zarys problematyki (s. 516)
– Informacja o postępowaniu w sprawie katastrofy smoleńskiej (s. 531)
– Marcin Napiórkowski, Uroczystości żałobne jako narzędzie legitymizacji i delegitymizacji władzy (s. 535)
– Paweł Tomczok, Nekropatriotyzm Przemysława Dakowicza (s. 559)
– Przemysław Dakowicz, Rodowód, Brama Salariańska (s. 568)
– Grzegorz Kwiatkowski, mogił, zbierać (s. 569)

– Ewa Domańska, Nekrodziedzictwo (s. 572)
Springer, 2015
This volume examines the distinctive and highly problematic ethical questions surrounding conflic...This volume examines the distinctive and highly problematic ethical questions surrounding conflict archaeology. By bringing together sophisticated analyses and pertinent case studies from around the world it aims to address the problems facing archaeologists working in areas of violent conflict, past and present. Of all the contentious issues within archaeology and heritage, the study of conflict and work within conflict zones are undoubtedly the most highly charged and hotly debated, both within and outside the discipline. Ranging across the conflict zones of the world past and present, this book attempts to raise the level of these often fractious debates by locating them within ethical frameworks. The issues and debates in this book range across a range of ethical models, including deontological, teleological and virtue ethics. The chapters address real-world ethical conundrums that confront archaeologists in a diversity of countries, including Israel/Palestine, Iran, Uruguay, Argentina, Rwanda, Germany and Spain. They all have in common recent, traumatic experiences of war and dictatorship. The chapters provide carefully argued, thought-provoking analyses and examples that will be of real practical use to archaeologists in formulating and addressing ethical dilemmas in a confident and constructive manner.
Archaeology has been an important source of metaphors for some of the key intellectuals of the 20...Archaeology has been an important source of metaphors for some of the key intellectuals of the 20th century: Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin, Alois Riegl and Michel Foucault, amongst many others. However, this power has also turned against archaeology, because the discipline has been dealt with perfunctorily as a mere provider of metaphors that other intellectuals have exploited. Scholars from different fields continue to explore areas in which archaeologists have been working for over two centuries, with little or no reference to the discipline. It seems that excavation, stratigraphy or ruins only become important at a trans-disciplinary level when people from outside archaeology pay attention to them and somehow dematerialize them. Meanwhile, archaeologists have been usually more interested in borrowing theories from other fields, rather than in developing the theoretical potential of the same concepts that other thinkers find so useful.

The time is ripe for archaeologists to address a wider audience and engage in theoretical debates from a position of equality, not of subalternity. Reclaiming Archaeology explores how archaeology can be useful to rethink modernity’s big issues, and more specifically late modernity (broadly understood as the 20th and 21st centuries). The book contains a series of original essays, not necessarily following the conventional academic rules of archaeological writing or thinking, allowing rhetoric to have its place in disclosing the archaeological. In each of the four sections that constitute this book (method, time, heritage and materiality), the contributors deal with different archaeological tropes, such as excavation, surface/depth, genealogy, ruins, fragments, repressed memories and traces. They criticize their modernist implications and rework them in creative ways, in order to show the power of archaeology not just to understand the past, but also the present.

Reclaiming Archaeology includes essays from a diverse array of archaeologists who have dealt in one way or another with modernity, including scholars from non-Anglophone countries who have approached the issue in original ways during recent years, as well as contributors from other fields who engage in a creative dialogue with archaeology and the work of archaeologists.
"Cultural Heritage and the Future". Edited By Cornelius Holtorf & Anders Högberg, Routledge., 2020
In this chapter, I would like to examine folk art environments from the point of view of heritag...In this chapter, I would like to examine folk art environments from the point of view of heritage. Folk environments are built spaces created by non-professional artists or architects, often peculiar characters living in the margins of society. To create such spaces, the artists make lavish use of recycled materials, including modern construction materials, broken artefacts, cheap decorations and objects in varying states of decay. Although there are several historical precedents, folk art environments seem to have developed mostly from the late 19th century onwards and can be considered, in many ways, a by-product of modernity, democratization and the industrial revolution. I argue that the logic of folk art environments has much to tell archaeologists and heritage practitioners about value, emotion and temporality, which are all fundamental principles in the production of heritage. They are are useful both for interrogating assumed concepts of past, present and future in heritage studies and for proposing novel and more imaginative ways of dealing with heritage.
El tiempo de las ruinas, editado por Cristóbal Gnecco y Mario Rufer. Uniandes/Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Bogotá, 2023
En este capítulo se ofrecen siete visiones, entre la arqueología y la literatura, de otros tantos...En este capítulo se ofrecen siete visiones, entre la arqueología y la literatura, de otros tantos paisajes contemporáneos en ruinas de España, Etiopía, Somalilandia y Guinea Ecuatorial.
Geoforum, 2022
In this article, I intend to use archaeology's understanding of deep time and infrastructure to e...In this article, I intend to use archaeology's understanding of deep time and infrastructure to explore the ways in which state-making has been challenged in the Horn of Africa during the last two millennia. I will take a longterm approach to state ecology and state resistance so as to eschew the presentist bias that is all too frequent in political analyses, particularly in Africa, and that prevents us from understanding some of the deep undercurrent that explain contemporary phenomena. The Horn is an ideal case for this kind of inquiry because it has some of the oldest state polities south of the Sahara; state trajectories in the region are non-linear and fraught with obstacles, though surprisingly persistent, and small-scale, stateless societies have proved to be extremely persistent, both in the periphery and at the heart of the state. Here I will explore three themes that are illustrative of the relationship between state-building, infrastructures and resistance in the borderlands of the Horn of Africa: the anti-infrastructural ethos of nomadic pastoralists; internal frontiers or zones of difference, and liminal ecologies, such as swamps and escarpments, which defy state control, technologies and imaginaries.
"La desaparición social. Límites y posibilidades de una herramienta para entender vidas que no cuentan". Editado por David Casado Neira, Gabriel Gatti, Ignacio Irazuzta, María Martínez González. Universidad del País Vasco. , 2021
Por definición, la arqueología estudia vidas abandonadas y muertes descuidadas, al menos en un se...Por definición, la arqueología estudia vidas abandonadas y muertes
descuidadas, al menos en un sentido literal. Una parte importante de esa
desaparición que documentamos los arqueólogos es no solo literal en el
sentido físico, sino también una desaparición social. Gente descontada,
que ha quedado fuera del relato histórico: campesinos, esclavos, coloniza-
dos, personas sin hogar, proletariado, etc. La historiografía descuidó a los
descuidados hasta los años 20 del pasado siglo, cuando la escuela de Annales comenzó a contar (narrar) y contabilizar a las masas desaparecidas (es significativo que la historia de los subalternos viniera de la mano de la historia cuantitativa). En arqueología los desaparecidos sociales siempre han estado presentes por una cuestión básica de representatividad en lo que denominamos el registro arqueológico —la suma de las cosas que quedan materialmente, enterradas O no, y que pueden ser documentadas—. Sin embargo, la preocupación por la desaparición social como problema es muy posterior a la de la historiografía, excepto en el caso de las arqueologías marxistas.
The Routledge Handbook of Global Historical Archaeology, 2020
Northeast Africa is unique in the continent for its combination of a variety of external influenc...Northeast Africa is unique in the continent for its combination of a variety of external influences (from the Mediterranean, the Middle East and the Indian Ocean) and the unparalleled diversity of the local societies. Their members speak hundreds of different languages, practice all sorts of livelihoods (from hunting and gathering to intensive agriculture), and were organized until very recently under a diversity of political systems, from bands to empires. This complex scenario emerged in the first millennium BC and continues to this day. In this chapter, I will focus on the archaeology of the region from the fifteenth century to the present. Although the area is usually considered to comprise Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Somalia, the first country will be left out of this review, as its historical trajectory is quite different to the rest of the countries that will be discussed here.
El expoliar se va a acabar: uso de detectores de metales y arqueología: sanciones administrativas y penales (I. Rodríguez Temiño, A. Yáñez, eds.), 2018
La discusión sobre el uso del detector de metales por aficionados tiende a polarizarse: por un la...La discusión sobre el uso del detector de metales por aficionados tiende a polarizarse: por un lado nos encontramos con la postura de arqueólogos intransigentes para quienes el detectorista es un delincuente por definición, por otro la de detectoristas que consideran que tienen todo el derecho a practicar su hobby sin restricción alguna. La realidad, como siempre, se resiste a las dicotomías y esto resulta particularmente obvio en el caso de la Guerra Civil. Mi reflexión sobre este tema se basa en cerca de una década trabajando en arqueología de la guerra y la dictadura, a lo largo de la cual he tenido experiencias positivas y negativas con los usuarios del detector.
Networked spaces. The spatiality of networks in the Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean, 2022
The coast of Somaliland was the scenario of intense interactions between merchants and local past...The coast of Somaliland was the scenario of intense interactions between merchants and local pastoralists in Antiquity, as part of the Indian Ocean trade pattern. The site of Heis (Xiis in Somali) is a large necropolis, consisting of hundreds of cairns, on the coast of eastern Somaliland. It is known since the late 19th century for its remarkable evidence of trade
with the Roman Empire, but it has not been the object of systematic research until 2017. In this chapter, we present new data from surveys and excavations conducted during two field seasons, focusing on imported materials (pottery and glass), mainly from the Roman and Parthian empires and South Arabia, between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. Imported materials represent 99% of all artefacts documented in survey and excavation. This research is part of an ongoing project on long-distance trade in Somaliland.
World Archaeology, 2019
All wars are traumatic and leave a deep imprint in the collective memory of a society, but few wa...All wars are traumatic and leave a deep imprint in the collective memory of a society, but few wars are as traumatic as civil wars. They transform people, collectives and landscapes both deeply and extensively, and have shaped the course of human history. Yet they are also elusive to define – even for historians and political scientists – and have been the object of little theorization. In archaeology, external conflicts have attracted more interest, whereas civil wars have been mainly approached as yet another armed confrontation. Researchers have been looking at the archaeological remains of battlefields, fortifications, camps and mass graves and have provided important insights into a diversity of military aspects, both combat-related and logistical. From this perspective, archaeology is closer to military history than to the social sciences. Without forgetting the military side, contributors to this issue intend to address wider anthropological, historical and archaeological questions, such as the social experience of civil war, traumatic memory, political violence, gender identities and the relevance of landscape and material culture in shaping conflict.
Journal of Social Archaeology, 2022
Since 1945, most fascist monuments have disappeared or have been deactivated in Western Europe. T...Since 1945, most fascist monuments have disappeared or have been deactivated in Western Europe. There is one in Spain, however, that remains fully operative: the Valley of the Fallen. The complex, devised by the dictator Francisco Franco, celebrates the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), keeps the bodies of thousands of victims of the conflict, as well as the leading fascist ideologue and the dictator himself, and provides a material narrative that exalts the dictatorship. With the advent of democracy in
Archaeological Research in Asia, 2021
The Indian Ocean trade in the Horn of Africa during the Middle Ages has received much less attent...The Indian Ocean trade in the Horn of Africa during the Middle Ages has received much less attention than in other regions of the Islamic world, such as the Gulf and East Africa. The Horn is still too often represented as a void in maps showing routes and distributions of trade goods. In this article we present the results of archaeological surveys conducted between 2016 and 2020 in places of trade around Berbera, one of the main Red Sea ports in Somaliland. We will be focusing on the period comprised between the eleventh century, when the first traces of long distance connections are documented, and the late sixteenth century, when commerce collapsed. We will review the archaeological evidence with particular attention to ceramic imports, which reveal the intense participation of Somaliland (and the Horn at large) in the Indian Ocean system. This participation went through different cycles in which the nature of commercial relations, the volume of imported goods and their provenance varied. However, trade with Asia was always predominant, amounting, in the case of ceramics, to 90% of all imported items. Our surveys also suggest that Somaliland was not so much a destination as a transit market zone that conveyed products to the interior of the Horn of Africa.
Antiquity, 2021
The western Ethiopian borderland is remote from all centres of power in the Horn of Africa. As a ...The western Ethiopian borderland is remote from all centres of power in the Horn of Africa. As a result, local communities have often been regarded by scholars and state agents alike as isolated and antiquated. The picture that emerges from archaeological research, however, is more complex: borderland societies have, at different times from the mid first millennium AD onwards, embraced, reworked or rejected innovations from neighbouring polities. Indeed, bor-derland groups developed a type of 'vernacular cosmopolitanism' integrating foreign customs and artefacts. As an old multicultural borderland spanning many centuries and involving a range of state and non-state actors, the region offers important lessons for our understanding of frontier societies in Africa and beyond.
After Discourse: Things, Affects, Ethics, 2021
Nostalgia has been the object of systematic criticism for its association with reactionary ideolo...Nostalgia has been the object of systematic criticism for its association with reactionary ideologies, essentialism and misrepresentations of history. However, nostalgia is a powerful feeling that enables different, critical engagements with the past and its remnants. It is not only obsessed with the past, but it can also be forward-looking and utopian. In this chapter, I would like to reclaim a specific form of nostalgia, a longing for the materiality of the past, both as a way of taking care of the past and of imagining more promising futures. For that, I first revise critiques of nostalgia, then explore the relationship between nostalgia and language, which I find problematic, and subsequently propose material nostalgia as an alternative. The text ends with a manifesto for material nostalgia.
Actualidad de la investigación arqueológica en España, 2018-2019. Conferencias impartidas en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional, 2020
En este artículo se ofrece una síntesis de la arqueología de la guerra civil española, un campo d...En este artículo se ofrece una síntesis de la arqueología de la guerra civil española, un campo de investigación que cuenta ya con veinte años de experiencia. Se pasará revista a algunos de los proyectos más relevantes realizados tanto en el ámbito de los frentes de batalla como en la violencia de retaguardia: las fosas con represaliados. La arqueología está permitiendo conocer mejor la vida cotidiana de los soldados, determinados aspectos de las operaciones militares y los patrones de la violencia política.
Canadian Journal of Bioethics, 2019
The critique of archaeology made from an indigenous and postcolonial perspective has been largely...The critique of archaeology made from an indigenous and postcolonial perspective has been largely accepted, at least in theory, in many settler colonies, from Canada to New Zealand. In this paper, I would like to expand such critique in two ways: on the one hand, I will point out some issues that have been left unresolved; on the other hand, I will address indigenous and colonial experiences that are different from British settler colonies, which have massively shaped our understanding of indigeneity and the relationship of archaeology to it. I am particularly concerned with two key problems: alterity-how archaeologists conceptualize difference-and collaboration-how archaeologists imagine their relationship with people from a different cultural background. My reflections are based on my personal experiences working with communities in southern Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa and South America that differ markedly from those usually discussed by indigenous archaeologies.

La critique de l'archéologie dans une perspective autochtone et postcoloniale a été largement acceptée, du moins en théorie, dans de nombreuses colonies de colons, du Canada à la Nouvelle-Zélande. Dans le présent texte, j'aimerais développer cette critique de deux façons : d'une part, je soulignerai certaines questions qui n'ont pas été résolues ; d'autre part, j'aborderai les expériences autochtones et coloniales qui sont différentes de celles des colonies de colons britanniques, qui ont façonné massivement notre compréhension de l'indigénéité et de la relation entre l'archéologie et celle-ci. Je m'intéresse particulièrement à deux problèmes clés : l'altérité-comment les archéologues conçoivent la différence-et la collaboration-comment les archéologues imaginent leur relation avec des personnes d'un autre milieu culturel. Mes réflexions sont basées sur mes expériences personnelles de travail avec des communautés d'Europe du Sud, d'Afrique subsaharienne et d'Amérique du Sud qui diffèrent sensiblement de celles que l'on retrouve habituellement dans les archéologies autochtones.
Public Humanities and the Spanish Civil War , 2018
The Spanish Civil War is remembered in many ways. Vehicles of memory are often material and inclu...The Spanish Civil War is remembered in many ways. Vehicles of memory are often material and include ruins, monuments and museums, which are all amenable to archaeological scrutiny. In the present chapter, I am particularly interested in museums. Unlike in other countries, Spain has consistently failed to have proper museums of the conflict managed by the State. The gap is filled by private and local initiatives. Here, I examine, from an archaeological perspective, a variety of small war museums in different parts of Spain. My point is that all such projects entail important problems regarding the story of the Civil War that is being told. Lacking a master narrative to which they can refer, they deploy their own accounts, which either whitewash history or reproduce stereotypes, often inherited from the dictatorship. These narratives, I argue, are more ethnographic than historical and explain the war in antipolitical terms, thus failing to capture its meaning and consequences.
Chungara, 2019
2016 fue un año crítico en la política mundial. Los cambios que se precipitaron ese año, tendrán ...2016 fue un año crítico en la política mundial. Los cambios que se precipitaron ese año, tendrán un largo impacto en la arqueología, antropología y disciplinas relacionadas. En este texto reflexionamos sobre lo que supone la emergencia del populismo reaccionario y cómo afecta a la práctica y teoría de la arqueología. Nos centramos en tres críticas y tres propuestas: Por el lado de la crítica, hemos aprendido que el liberalismo no es suficiente para enfrentar este fenómeno político, que los profesionales de la arqueología tenemos una posición muy modesta en los grandes debates socio-políticos; y que hay más colectivos marginalizados que aquellos que suelen ser el objeto de atención preferente de la arqueología pública dominante. Por el lado de las propuestas, planteamos la necesidad de provocar al Pueblo, en vez de adularlo, de recuperar una pedagogía crítica y transformativa que enseñe sobre la arqueología y utilice la arqueología para ofrecer un aprendizaje, y de evitar la "cruzada patrimonial". La consecuencia genérica que podemos extraer es que debemos repolitizar de nuevo la arqueología para convertirla en una voz realmente crítica en el escenario global. Palabras claves: arqueología social, patrimonio cultural, populismo, neoliberalismo, multiculturalismo. 2016 was a critical year in global politics. Changes were so dramatic, that they will have a long-lasting impact in archaeology, anthropology and related fields. In this article, we reflect critically on the phenomenon of reactionary populism and how it affects the practice and theory of archaeology. We will focus here in three main critics and three proposals. We have learnt that mere and more liberalism is not enough to face this political phenomenon, that archaeologists hold a very weak position in the main socio-political debates, and that there are other marginalized collectives out there beyond those who represent the primary focus of current public archaeology. Based on these critics, we set out three things we can do: we propose an archaeology that provokes People, instead of flattering them, an archaeology understood as a critical and transformative pedagogy that teaches about archaeology, but also uses archaeology to teach, and an archaeology that escapes the "heritage crusade". To conclude, we have to make archaeology political again to reconstruct it as a public engaged practice, for making it a truly critical voice in the global stage. 1 Este artículo es una traducción de la versión original publicada en inglés "Against reactionary populism: towards a new public archaeology" en la revista Antiquity 2018, 92 (362):507-515. Si bien Chungara no publica traducciones de artículos, el Comité Editorial decidió hacer la excepción y publicar esta versión en la modalidad de Debate. Finalmente agradecemos a los comentaristas que aceptaron esta invitación, y a los editores de Antiquity que permitieron su publicación en español. Páginas 1-7 Chungara Revista de Antropología Chilena De Brasil al Reino Unido, 2016 fue un año crítico en la política mundial. Las cosas no volverán a ser como eran. El patrimonio, la ética y el modo cómo las arqueólogas se relacionan con el público, fueron y serán profundamente afectados. Ha llegado, pues, la hora de reflexionar críticamente sobre el fenómeno del "populismo reaccionario" y cómo éste afecta la teoría y práctica de la arqueología. El "populismo reaccionario" se puede definir como una forma política que es anti-liberal en términos de su política de la identidad (en lo que se refiere, por ejemplo, al multiculturalismo, el derecho de aborto, derechos de las minorías o libertad religiosa), pero es liberal en su política económica. Se caracteriza por su nacionalismo, racismo y anti-intelectualismo. Como Judith Butler afirma, "quiere restaurar un estado prístino de la sociedad, orientado por la nostalgia y por una sensación de pérdida de privilegio" (Soloveitchik 2016). En este contexto, el modelo liberal y multi-vocal de las ciencias sociales y las humanidades ha dejado de ser válido. En cambio, apelamos a nuestros colegas a apoyar una arqueología lista para intervenir en debates públicos más amplios, que no se limite a los temas del patrimonio y de la relevancia local, que no tenga miedo de defender su conocimiento experto en los escenarios
Chungara, 2019
Es necesaria una aclaración inicial: el objeto de presentar esta versión en español de nuestro te...Es necesaria una aclaración inicial: el objeto de presentar esta versión en español de nuestro texto en Antiquity-pensada como una crítica esencialmente a la academia anglosajona-responde a dos objetivos: en primer lugar, debatir cuestiones que son de interés común con colegas latinoamericanos a quienes admiramos y que han realizado desde hace años una reflexión profunda sobre los temas que tratamos en nuestro artículo. Esta lógica situacional de nuestro texto, por responder a un reproche que Haber nos demanda, fue bien percibida por Tantaleán. En segundo lugar, el regreso del populismo reaccionario no es exclusivo del norte global. El final del ciclo progresista en América Latina y el auge de la extrema derecha (con Bolsonaro a la cabeza) indican que la crisis es compartida y la reflexión debe ser, también, compartida. Una segunda aclaración, también necesaria, es que hablamos de ultraderecha. Efectivamente, como indica Acuto, Bolsonaro y Trump son la derecha nacionalista y la oligarquía de siempre, pero el lenguaje y los modos que utilizan son los del populismo chovinista-también el fascismo del siglo XX fue populista y oligárquico al mismo tiempo. Por eso utilizamos siempre el adjetivo "reaccionario". El ministro de finanzas de Bolsonaro es un neoliberal de escuela canónica. Pero su capacidad se multiplica en un juego político que no es el habitual de las élites conservadoras de siempre, sino que ha roto el espacio de la representación política moderna, construido a través del consenso liberal después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (aquí señalar, por cierto, que el concepto que utilizamos de "liberalismo" es el mismo al que se refiere Gándara, y que, a pesar de la acepción inglesa tan cara en USA, no tiene nada que ver con la izquierda del espectro político), mediante la apelación directa al pueblo y su soberanía. A pesar de lo que dice Acuto, que pareciera querer salvar el populismo como opción posible para la resistencia, vemos necesario reconocer el fondo populista de estas estrategias. Esta colusión entre neoliberalismo y populismo reaccionario es algo más que anecdótico y nuestra sensación es que tenemos que parar mientes en ella, etnografiarla, analizarla en y a través de su expresión material, si es que queremos entender lo que nos ocurre. Y lo que nos ocurre es muy parecido en muchos países distintos. No es un privilegio del Norte o del Sur estar mejor, o peor, en esto. Las mismas tendencias se perciben en todas partes, desde Hungría a USA, desde Italia a Brasil, desde el Reino Unido a la India, o desde España a Argentina. Lo que nos ocurre es una muestra del agotamiento de las soluciones liberales clásicas, a través de las cuales se impuso un modelo de modernidad individualista y el "siglo norteamericano", que es el siglo anglo-sajón. Y es también muestra de que la respuesta a este proyecto político desde la corrección política, las identity policies, y lo que Nancy Fraser resume en la estupenda etiqueta "neoliberalismo progresista", no solo está agotada sino que ha arrojado a todos los que sienten perdedores de esta parte de la historia, a votar masivamente opciones reaccionarias, que les perjudicarán. A Funari y Alarcón les parecen peligrosas nuestras críticas al cosmopolitismo y la tolerancia, e insisten en la importancia del conflicto en las relaciones humanas. No rechazamos esa visión; lo que criticamos es la visión liberal, neoliberal, de todo ello porque mistifica las relaciones de poder realmente existentes. Esto es algo que también compartimos con Alejandro Haber, cuando apura la idea de que las comunidades son complejas y están atravesadas por antagonismos, pero no participamos en cambio de la disyuntiva que plantea: o la intervención se ciñe a los intereses comunitarios o se hace ciencia colonial. En primer lugar, creemos que es posible realizar arqueología en consonancia con el interés comunitario y al mismo tiempo que no esté circunscrita a la comunidad, es decir, que aborde problemas más amplios. Nada más lejos de nuestra intención que descartar a las comunidades, como interpretan Haber y Funari y Alarcón. Nuestro texto no aboga por reducir o desplazar el marco de acción política, sino por ampliarlo. Abogamos por una arqueología "que no se limite a los temas del patrimonio y de la relevancia local", no que deje de lado el patrimonio y lo local, como también pide Londoño. También abogamos por ampliar el espectro de la comunidad. Y nos preguntamos por qué nuestros colegas latinoamericanos no han dicho nada de los votantes de Bolsonaro o Macri, de los 20 millones de habitantes del Gran Buenos Aires o las periferias de Belo Horizonte o Bogotá. Crear grandes narrativas críticas es parte del programa de arqueología pública que propugnamos. Haber ve en ellas mecanismos productores de colonialidad. Por esta regla de tres, las propuestas de los grandes teóricos de la decolonialidad-Quijano, Dussel, Grosfoguel-serían paradójicamente herramientas coloniales, dado que no se circunscriben a ninguna comunidad concreta y proponen grandes narrativas filosóficas, de aspiración universalista y explicativa ¿Es el pensamiento decolonial colonial?
Norwegian Archaeological Review, 2018
The question of the Anthropocene has gained increased notoriety among archaeologists recently. Pr...The question of the Anthropocene has gained increased notoriety among archaeologists recently. Precisely because of that, it is in need of thorough critique. The aim of this article is not to rule out the concept of Anthropocene, but to point out some of its problems: the relationship of Anthropocenic discourses with the emergence of an all-embracing biopolitical science; the inadequacies of the term, which blames all humans equally for a specific effect of modernity and capitalism; its failure to accept a diversity of origins (but also the problem of accepting overly deep origins), and the shortcomings of adopting a geological framework for archaeology. I thus suggest that the discipline has to define its own eras – also for the contemporary period – and that the Age of Destruction could be an apt archaeological counterpart for the Anthropocene. One of the benefits of outlining an archaeological era is that it brings modernity and capitalism back to the fore, and with them issues of power and conflict that have been largely lost in recent post-anthropocentric debates.
World Archaeology, 2018
Gathering places play a paramount role among pastoralists. Markets, sanctuaries, graves and water...Gathering places play a paramount role among pastoralists. Markets, sanctuaries, graves and watering places are foci of ritual, economic and social activity. They facilitate inter and intragroup relations, including trade, marriage arrangements, political alliances, conflict resolution ceremonies, the dispersal of news and religious activities. In this article the authors will explore two types of gathering places used by nomadic pastoralists in Somaliland during the second millennium AD: fairs and sacred sites. Relations between nomads and foreigners were negotiated in open, seasonal markets, whereas sanctuaries and graves facilitated relations among different clans. The case of Somaliland exemplifies well the social, economic and symbolic relevance of nomadic gathering places and their extraordinary resilience: while towns have an intermittent and chequered history in the country, ephemeral meeting places remained as key features in the landscape for hundreds of years.
Annual Review of Anthropology, 2018
Ethics has abandoned its niche status to become a shared concern across archaeology. The appraisa...Ethics has abandoned its niche status to become a shared concern across archaeology. The appraisal of the sociopolitical context of archaeological practice since the 1980s has forced the discipline to take issue with the expanding array of ethical questions raised by work with living people. Thus, the original focus on the archaeological record, conservation and scientific standards, which are behind most deontological codes, has been largely transcended and even challenged. In this line, this review emphasizes philosophical and political aspects over practical ones and examines some pressing ethical concerns which are related with archaeology's greater involvement with contemporary communities, political controversies and social demands, including ethical responses to the indigenous critique, the benefits and risks of applied archaeology, the responsibilities of archaeologists in conflict and post‐ conflict situations, vernacular digging and collecting practices, development‐led archaeology, heritage and the ethics of things.
DOUBLE VISION: IMAGINES, SIMULACRA, REPLICAS Co-organizers: Alicia Jiménez (alicia.jimenez@sta...DOUBLE VISION: IMAGINES, SIMULACRA, REPLICAS

Co-organizers: Alicia Jiménez (alicia.jimenez@stanford.edu) y Alfredo González-
Ruibal (alfredo.gonzalez-ruibal@incipit.csic.es)

Archaeology leans heavily on typologies and similarities. Narratives about
cultural change, the spreading of ideas and diasporas are often linked to things that
look alike but belong to different chronological or geographical frames.
Material connections between "centers" and "peripheries" are commonly traced by
looking at provincial copies of models irradiated from the metropolis. And yet, despite
the longstanding tradition of typological studies and analysis of the meaning of style
variation (Wiessner, Sackett, Conkey & Hastorf), the role of imagines, simulacra and
replicas in the transmission of culture is still relatively ill-defined from a theoretical point
of view in archaeological research.
The papers in this session will explore theoretical approaches to an
archaeology of the double and ask questions that help us to go beyond the original
model/fake copy dilemma. By interrogating the materiality of the replica we hope to be
able to analyze the vision/double as essence and not only as a vacuous instance of
representation.

Session format: Series of papers followed by Q&A and final comments by a
discussant.

We particularly welcome papers focusing on:

• The politics of double vision: vision as power / the anti-authoritarian gaze.
• The double as translation and interpretation.
• The double as a purposely inaccurate copy, a partial representation (pars pro
toto) or as means of taking the alien within.
• The double as failure and the impossibility of an exact replica.
• The influence of the double or the consequences of "double vision" for the
"model".
• Replicas that make possible the vision of something that is immaterial or
absent.
• The role of the double in our understanding of things by means of visualization.
• The importance of replication in constructing pasts (ancestor representation)
and futures (material projections of visions).
• The relationship between cloning and social reproduction as well as the
relationship between homogeneous material culture and individuation.

To submit a paper abstract (max 300 words) please email the session organizers by
March 8. Session organizers are responsible for selecting papers, and for sending the
complete session roster along with all paper abstracts and titles to the TAG-Chicago
committee by March 15, 2013.
Contemporary archaeologies offer new possibilities of social engagement and critique, because kno...Contemporary archaeologies offer new possibilities of social engagement and critique, because knowledge and even experience of the recent past are immediately available to non-­‐ experts—as opposed to more remote periods. From this point of view, the archaeology of the present creates new challenges in relation to what is considered heritage, how it is produced and by whom, and how it is managed. At the same time, this kind of archaeology offers new spaces of creativity and transdisciplinary interaction, as its field of study is not subjected to the rigid disciplinary policing and boundary-­‐making that limits engagements with the material remains of other historical periods. Contemporary sites bring together communities, artists, archaeologists, anthropologists and heritage experts around matters of common concern that may not yet be sanctioned as heritage. In this working group we will be discussing, among other things: • Which are the opportunities for professional archaeologists and heritage managers in the archaeological record of the recent past and the present? • What are the potential modes of engagement with communities and which are the risks and benefits of such engagements? • How can we deploy critique, in which spaces and to address which topics? • Can critique, education and play be reconciled? • What is the role of art and artists in the archaeology of the present? • What are the public benefits of contemporary archaeology and heritage? • How can we convince local authorities of the relevance of the material present? Participants are expected to make short presentations (5-­‐10 minutes) to spark debate. Presentations can be of actual examples of archaeological work with the present that collaborates with communities, co-­‐creates heritage or provokes public controversy. Alternatively, projects at a planning stage can be presented or simply ideas they wish to develop in the future. In any case, participants are expected to be non-­‐conventional and develop creative proposals that explore new forms of mediation, engagement and manifestation beyond disciplinary limits. Political and aesthetic provocations are welcome.

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