Home > CAPEC List > CAPEC-481: Contradictory Destinations in Traffic Routing Schemes (Version 3.9)

CAPEC-481: Contradictory Destinations in Traffic Routing Schemes

Attack Pattern ID: 481
Abstraction: Standard
View customized information:
Description
Adversaries can provide contradictory destinations when sending messages. Traffic is routed in networks using the domain names in various headers available at different levels of the OSI model. In a Content Delivery Network (CDN) multiple domains might be available, and if there are contradictory domain names provided it is possible to route traffic to an inappropriate destination. The technique, called Domain Fronting, involves using different domain names in the SNI field of the TLS header and the Host field of the HTTP header. An alternative technique, called Domainless Fronting, is similar, but the SNI field is left blank.
Likelihood Of Attack

Medium

Typical Severity

High

Relationships
Section HelpThis table shows the other attack patterns and high level categories that are related to this attack pattern. These relationships are defined as ChildOf and ParentOf, and give insight to similar items that may exist at higher and lower levels of abstraction. In addition, relationships such as CanFollow, PeerOf, and CanAlsoBe are defined to show similar attack patterns that the user may want to explore.
NatureTypeIDName
ChildOfMeta Attack PatternMeta Attack Pattern - A meta level attack pattern in CAPEC is a decidedly abstract characterization of a specific methodology or technique used in an attack. A meta attack pattern is often void of a specific technology or implementation and is meant to provide an understanding of a high level approach. A meta level attack pattern is a generalization of related group of standard level attack patterns. Meta level attack patterns are particularly useful for architecture and design level threat modeling exercises.161Infrastructure Manipulation
Section HelpThis table shows the views that this attack pattern belongs to and top level categories within that view.
Prerequisites
An adversary must be aware that their message will be routed using a CDN, and that both of the contradictory domains are served from that CDN.
If the purpose of the Domain Fronting is to hide redirected C2 traffic, the C2 server must have been created in the CDN.
Skills Required
[Level: Medium]
The adversary must have some knowledge of how messages are routed.
Consequences
Section HelpThis table specifies different individual consequences associated with the attack pattern. The Scope identifies the security property that is violated, while the Impact describes the negative technical impact that arises if an adversary succeeds in their attack. The Likelihood provides information about how likely the specific consequence is expected to be seen relative to the other consequences in the list. For example, there may be high likelihood that a pattern will be used to achieve a certain impact, but a low likelihood that it will be exploited to achieve a different impact.
ScopeImpactLikelihood
Confidentiality
Read Data
Modify Data
Mitigations
Monitor connections, checking headers in traffic for contradictory domain names, or empty domain names.
Taxonomy Mappings
Section HelpCAPEC mappings to ATT&CK techniques leverage an inheritance model to streamline and minimize direct CAPEC/ATT&CK mappings. Inheritance of a mapping is indicated by text stating that the parent CAPEC has relevant ATT&CK mappings. Note that the ATT&CK Enterprise Framework does not use an inheritance model as part of the mapping to CAPEC.
Relevant to the ATT&CK taxonomy mapping
Entry IDEntry Name
1090.004 Proxy:Domain Fronting
Content History
Submissions
Submission DateSubmitterOrganization
2019年04月04日
(Version 3.1)
CAPEC Content TeamThe MITRE Corporation
Modifications
Modification DateModifierOrganization
2019年09月30日
(Version 3.2)
CAPEC Content TeamThe MITRE Corporation
Updated @Abstraction
2020年07月30日
(Version 3.3)
CAPEC Content TeamThe MITRE Corporation
Updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Taxonomy_Mappings
2023年01月24日
(Version 3.9)
CAPEC Content TeamThe MITRE Corporation
Updated Related_Weaknesses
More information is available — Please select a different filter.
Page Last Updated or Reviewed: April 04, 2019

Use of the Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC), and the associated references from this website are subject to the Terms of Use. Copyright © 2007–2025, The MITRE Corporation. CAPEC and the CAPEC logo are trademarks of The MITRE Corporation.

AltStyle によって変換されたページ (->オリジナル) /