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Are you sure this worked before 3.3?
Regardless, it seems you could fix this issue by adding a single line just after the PyModule_Create() call:
 __pyx_m = PyModule_Create(&__pyx_moduledef);
 #endif
 if (PyDict_SetItemString(PyImport_GetModuleDict(),
 __Pyx_NAMESTR("reimport"), __pyx_m))
 goto __pyx_L1_error;
The fundamental issue is that an extension is inserted into sys.modules 
only after its initialization function returns, so importing it recursively won't detect that it already exists.
(by contrast, a Python module is inserted into sys.modules before its code is executed inside the module's global namespace)