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py3k branch is still using -fno-strict-aliasing but I tested with gcc
4.3.1 and there are no strict aliasing warnings when this flag is removed.
Attached patch for py3k branch removes this flag. After applying the
patch configure should be regenerated with autoconf.

With gcc 4.2.3, I see a whole bunch of warnings:
Objects/exceptions.c: In function ‘UnicodeDecodeError_init’:
Objects/exceptions.c:1472: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/frameobject.c: In function ‘frame_setlineno’:
Objects/frameobject.c:151: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘PyUnicode_DecodeUTF7Stateful’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:1804: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:1815: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:1827: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeUTF8Stateful’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2140: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2147: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeUTF32Stateful’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2419: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2419: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2420: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2431: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeUTF16Stateful’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2693: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2693: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2694: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2705: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeUnicodeEscape’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2911: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2923: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2962: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:3004: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:3018: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:3030: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeRawUnicodeEscape’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:3295: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:3327: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:3333: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘_PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeInternal’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:3502: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:3512: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeASCII’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:3875: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:3880: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeCharmap’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:4176: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:4226: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:4249: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:4276: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘PyUnicodeUCS2_Join’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:5724: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:5745: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c: In function ‘PyUnicodeUCS2_Format’:
Objects/unicodeobject.c:8841: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:9158: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Objects/unicodeobject.c:9223: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
Python/bltinmodule.c: In function ‘source_as_string’:
Python/bltinmodule.c:513: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer
will break strict-aliasing rules
./Modules/_codecsmodule.c: In function ‘unicode_internal_decode’:
./Modules/_codecsmodule.c:243: warning: dereferencing type-punned
pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
./Modules/_codecsmodule.c: In function ‘unicode_internal_encode’:
./Modules/_codecsmodule.c:700: warning: dereferencing type-punned
pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/_struct.c: In function ‘s_pack_into’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/_struct.c:1782: warning:
dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/audioop.c: In function
‘audioop_findfit’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/audioop.c:480: warning:
dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/audioop.c:480: warning:
dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/audioop.c: In function
‘audioop_findfactor’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/audioop.c:537: warning:
dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/audioop.c:537: warning:
dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/audioop.c: In function
‘audioop_findmax’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/audioop.c:570: warning:
dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/nismodule.c: In function
‘nis_xdr_ypmaplist’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/nismodule.c:293: warning:
dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/nismodule.c: In function
‘nis_xdr_ypresp_maplist’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/nismodule.c:319: warning:
dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/_cursesmodule.c: In function
‘PyCurses_UngetMouse’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/_cursesmodule.c:1846: warning:
dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_hk.c: In
function ‘big5hkscs_codec_init’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_hk.c:23:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_hk.c:23:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c: In
function ‘ksx1001_init’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:573:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:574:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c: In
function ‘jisx0208_init’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:609:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:610:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c: In
function ‘jisx0212_init’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:650:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:651:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c: In
function ‘jisx0213_init’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:688:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:690:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:692:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:694:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:696:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:698:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:700:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:700:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c: In
function ‘gb2312_init’:
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:957:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
/home/alex/src/python.org/py3k/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c:958:
warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules

Wow thats no good, I will test with -fstrict-aliasing to be sure, if there 
are such problems still we should start with fixing those towards 3.1 .

I tested with -fstrict-aliasing -O3 and there is no aliasing warning,
this is with
gcc 4.3.1
x86_64 linux
what you see might be a compiler deficiency :-/

I'm using gcc 3.4.4 (cygwin) and I get the sames warnings as Alexandre.
I examined a random sampling of the code generating the warnings, all of
which followed this pattern:
 some_function((some_type **) &var_of_some_other_type);
Since the variable isn't actually being dereferenced in the calling
function, the code isn't violating the strict aliasing rules. I guess
gcc 4.3 is smart enough to suppress the warning in cases like this.
We could make the warning go away by replacing "(some_type **)" with
"(void *)", though that perhaps decreases readability. Alternately we
can just disregard the warnings on older versions of gcc.

I propose that we remove -fno-strict-aliasing for gcc >= 4.3.

Attached is a patch for configure.in and configure that implements Benjamin's suggestion. The patch sets things up to continue to use -fno-strict-aliasing on gcc versions that support -fno-strict-aliasing *and* generate spurious warnings without it. Effectively, that means it adds -fno-strict-aliasing for gcc versions < 4.3.
I tested it with gcc-3.4.4 and gcc-4.3.2. It added -fno-strict-aliasing with gcc-3.4.4 and did not with gcc-4.3.2, as desired. 
With the gcc-4.3.2 build, I did a "make test" and no tests failed. 
I also found that pybench ran around 1% faster with the patch.

Thanks for the patch. Applied in r79499.

I think that this change could be backported to 3.1 branch. It doesn't cause any additional warnings, which are absent in py3k branch (see issue #8623). r79499 doesn't merge cleanly, so I'm attaching the patch for 3.1 branch.

2010年6月21日 Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis <report@bugs.python.org>:
>
> Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis <Arfrever.FTA@GMail.Com> added the comment:
>
> I think that this change could be backported to 3.1 branch. It doesn't cause any additional warnings, which are absent in py3k branch (see issue #8623). r79499 doesn't merge cleanly, so I'm attaching the patch for 3.1 branch.
Thanks for the patch. Backported to in r82141.