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Linux Version:
2.6.18-238.19.1.el5 / CentOS release 5.8 (Final)
Since changeset 71704:89e92e684b37 , I have the following compilation error:
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I. -I./Include -DPy_BUILD_CORE -c ./Modules/posixmodule.c -o Modules/posixmodule.o
./Modules/posixmodule.c: In function ‘cpu_set_dealloc’:
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4769: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_FREE’
./Modules/posixmodule.c: In function ‘make_new_cpu_set’:
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4786: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_ALLOC_SIZE’
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4787: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_ALLOC’
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4787: attention : assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4793: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_ZERO_S’
./Modules/posixmodule.c: In function ‘cpu_set_set’:
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4847: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_SET_S’
./Modules/posixmodule.c: In function ‘cpu_set_count’:
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4858: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_COUNT_S’
./Modules/posixmodule.c: In function ‘cpu_set_clear’:
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4871: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_CLR_S’
./Modules/posixmodule.c: In function ‘cpu_set_isset’:
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4885: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_ISSET_S’
./Modules/posixmodule.c: In function ‘cpu_set_richcompare’:
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4910: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_EQUAL_S’
./Modules/posixmodule.c: In function ‘do_cpu_set_and’:
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4946: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_AND_S’
./Modules/posixmodule.c: In function ‘do_cpu_set_or’:
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4947: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_OR_S’
./Modules/posixmodule.c: In function ‘do_cpu_set_xor’:
./Modules/posixmodule.c:4948: attention : implicit declaration of function ‘CPU_XOR_S’
...
gcc -pthread -Xlinker -export-dynamic -o python Modules/python.o libpython3.3m.a -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm 
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `cpu_set_zero':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4897: undefined reference to `CPU_ZERO_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `cpu_set_count':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4858: undefined reference to `CPU_COUNT_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `cpu_set_clear':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4871: undefined reference to `CPU_CLR_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `make_new_cpu_set':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4786: undefined reference to `CPU_ALLOC_SIZE'
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4787: undefined reference to `CPU_ALLOC'
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4793: undefined reference to `CPU_ZERO_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `do_cpu_set_or':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4947: undefined reference to `CPU_OR_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `do_cpu_set_xor':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4948: undefined reference to `CPU_XOR_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `do_cpu_set_and':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4946: undefined reference to `CPU_AND_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `cpu_set_richcompare':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4910: undefined reference to `CPU_EQUAL_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `cpu_set_dealloc':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4769: undefined reference to `CPU_FREE'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `do_cpu_set_xor':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4948: undefined reference to `CPU_XOR_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `do_cpu_set_and':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4946: undefined reference to `CPU_AND_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `do_cpu_set_or':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4947: undefined reference to `CPU_OR_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `cpu_set_set':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4847: undefined reference to `CPU_SET_S'
libpython3.3m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `cpu_set_isset':
/home/proexp/cpython2/./Modules/posixmodule.c:4885: undefined reference to `CPU_ISSET_S'

I forgot to give glibc version: glibc-2.5-81

It looks like this CPU_ api wasn't completely added until glib 2.7.

New changeset 760347b11ef8 by Benjamin Peterson in branch 'default':
try to fix compilation on glibc's with cpu sets (#14296)
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/760347b11ef8 

Can you try on the default branch now?

I still have the exact same error
Maybe change should be:
#if !defined(CPU_ALLOC) && defined(HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY)
#undef HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY
#endif
it seems CPU_ALLOC first appeared in glibc 2.7

2012年3月16日 Hervé Coatanhay <report@bugs.python.org>:
>
> Hervé Coatanhay <herve.coatanhay@gmail.com> added the comment:
>
> I still have the exact same error
>
> Maybe change should be:
>
> #if !defined(CPU_ALLOC) && defined(HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY)
> #undef HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY
> #endif
Right you are. Try now.

New changeset 17980cb07625 by Benjamin Peterson in branch 'default':
fix condition (#14296)
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/17980cb07625 

You can consider it fixed, compilation runs OK now.
However I have an error on building _posixsubprocess.o when I do `make test`, I'll report it in another ticket.