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The attached script will crash on a current Ubuntu with Python 3.2 + tcl/tk when using a locale which uses a comma as a decimal separator (e.g., German). It will not crash when using a locale which uses a dot as the decimal separator (e.g., English). In case of the crash, the output and stacktrace are as follows:
locale = ('de_DE', 'UTF8')
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "tkinterCrash.py", line 20, in <module>
 tkcanvas = Canvas(master=master, width=w, height=2, borderwidth=4)
 File "/usr/lib/python3.2/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2101, in __init__
 Widget.__init__(self, master, 'canvas', cnf, kw)
 File "/usr/lib/python3.2/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1961, in __init__
 (widgetName, self._w) + extra + self._options(cnf))
_tkinter.TclError: bad screen distance "10.0"
Originally, we stumbled over this problem when using matplotlib, which passes/passed down float types as width arguments on occasions. It has been fixed there since (see https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/pull/387).
The locale dependency can make this problem difficult to debug when it occurs. In our setup, we had a program work on one machine, but it crashed on the next machine, which we believed to have an identical setup; it took us a day to figure out what the difference was. We would expect the constructor to either always work with float arguments, or to always reject them, regardless of locale.
We have been able to reproduce this issue both with Python 2.7.2 and Python 3.2, both under a current Ubuntu and Windows 7.

FYI 'crash' is for segfault. A traceback is "just a bug" :)
I'm not sure that this it is worth having this as a separate bug from #10647, but I'll let someone with tk knowledge decide that.

Why is this a bug ? You passed something that is not supposed to work with tk and tk said so.

Sorry for the misclassification, and thanks for correcting that.
I agree, this issue is most likely related to issue 10647; but at some level I think they must be different, because issue 10647 seems to be specific to Python 3.1 under Windows; I could not reproduce that issue neither under Ubuntu nor with Python 3.2 in Windows. This behaviour on the other hand I could reproduce with Python 2.7 and Python 3.2 in both Ubuntu and Windows. The underlying problem in both cases, I believe, is similar: That int/float arguments are somewhere turned into locale-dependent string representations and later parsed back using a potentially different locale.
Which brings me to why I consider this to be a bug - sorry for not having made that point clearer: The handling of the float argument depends on the system locale. If you change the example script to run with an English locale, you do not get an error; instead, the float is implicitly used as an int, and everything is fine. Only if you use German or a similar locale, will the float trigger an error. So the behaviour is at the very least inconsistent. If treating a float argument as an error is deemed acceptable, then this error should not be locale-dependent.

FWIW this can be reproduced on Windows Vista with Python 3.3.1rc1.

This is a bug in Tk. It uses locale-agnostic Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj() in most places, but in some places (especially in canvas) it uses locale-dependent strtod(). And that is even worse, strtod() is used even for parsing comma-delimited floats (@-indices).
We can't fix it from Python side (except perhaps switching to C locale for every Tcl/Tk operation). But in desires a warning in the documentation.

Perhaps we can fix it on the Python side. When self.tk is called with a configuration cnf, cnf is often (always?) first passed to Misc._options, as in BaseWidget.__init__:
 self.tk.call(
 (widgetName, self._w) + extra + self._options(cnf))
Misc._options loops through cnf.items looking for values to and modify (currently callables, tuples, and lists) before passing the result on to tk.call.
We could make a list *countkeys* of cnf (configuration) count items fed to strtod. Then, with that loop, if the locale uses comma decimal separators (or always) convert float values for those keys to ints.
 if comma and k in countkeys: v = int(v) # or
 if comma and k in countkeyw and isinstance(v, float): v = int(v)
I am presuming that tk truncates fractional parts as int() does; if not, use round().
I cannot verify the bug on US Win7 3.3.2 because 'de_DE.utf8' is an 'unsupported locale' for me. For the C locale, I verified that tk silently accept not only non-integral widths, but also negative widths.

> I am presuming that tk truncates fractional parts as int() does; if not, use round().
Tk uses both truncated and rounded value.
$ rlwrap wish
% canvas .c
.c
% .c configure -width 10.1
% .c configure -width
-width width Width 10c 10
% .c configure -width 10.9
% .c configure -width
-width width Width 10c 11
As you can see 10.9 gives both 10c and 11.

Oh, sorry, 10c is unrelated. Tk uses rounding. I don't know if it requires somewhere actual non-integer values.